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Marinid house
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- Name : Marinid house
- Place : Fez, Morocco
- Construction date/period : Beginning of the sixteenth century
- Construction materials : Brick, mortar, lime, and cob
- Architectural pattern : Wood, bricks, ceramic mosaics, plaster or stucco, and tiles
- Dimensions : height 13.50 m
This house used to stand in the Swiqat Eddabān district (‘the small flea market’), not far from today’s Suq al-'Ashshābīn (‘medicinal herbs market’), on the edge of the funduq Lihudi district. When Alfred Bel discovered it in 1914 he received authorization to dismantle the most important parts in plaster and wood, and some ceramic revetments, and place them in the city museum. These decorations, which were executed with great finesse and which are similar to the Marinid madrasas that led to the building’s identification.
The house’s entrance (south) led to a right-angled elbow-shaped hallway that led to the building’s courtyard, around which four rectangular rooms were arranged. They were preceded on three sides by galleries supported by ten pillars. The face, which had no covered gallery, had engaged pillars. The first floor was reached by a narrow stairway that ran between the mezzanine and the first floor that opened onto a covered gallery over a courtyard forming a balcony in front of a room.
The decorations of this building were quite remarkable. The central courtyard contained the classical superposition of Marinid architecture: on the lower levels there were ceramic mosaics, carved cedarwood was used for the lintels and corbels, and finely carved plaster was used in the higher areas, in the form of superposed panels of lozenges—like those of the Marinid madrasas—framed with inscriptions on friezes. The cedarwood decorations are particularly rich, balanced, and supple.
On one of the beams recuperated by A. Bel, the floral decorations are arranged in panels bordered by a line of six-petaled rosettes. A composition is arranged symmetrically along a vertical axis, in which a two shoots tumble out of a vase and interweave over the orb created by the spiral intertwining. Each divides into two departures for tendrils adorned with ribbed double palm leaves and pinecones. The composition is crowned with a pinecone that extends into the frame. While the framing, arrangement, and aesthetic appearance of these decorations are reminiscent of the corbels of the al-Shammā'īn funduq in Fez (end of the thirteenth century), it also recalls the compositions of previous periods, especially Andalusian (Madinat al-Zahra, the Qasaba of Malaga) and Almoravid eras of Fez (Qarawīyyīn Mosque).
The Marinid house in Fez has all the characteristics of an urban Moroccan house with a central courtyard. Its decorative aspects, however, mark it out because, although it was a private building, it employed all the compositions that were normally used in public buildings, especially the madrasas, with great finesse.
Bel, A., « Inscriptions arabes de Fès », in Journal Asiatique, 1919, Paris.
Cambazard-Amahan, C., Le décor sur bois dans l'architecture de Fès, époques almoravide, almohade et début mérinide, Paris, 1989, CNRS.
Revault, J., Golvin, L., Amahan, A., Palais et demeures de Fès, t. 1, Paris, 1985, CNRS.
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