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Incense burner with an architectural shape
- Title/name : Incense burner with an architectural shape
- Production place : Amman, Citadel, Jordan
- Date / period : Ninth - tenth century
- Materials and techniques : Basalt sculptured, carved decoration
- Dimensions : H. 21 cm ; 17 x 17 cm
- Conservation place : Amman, Jordan Archaeological Museum
- Inventory number : J1633
The piece is modeled as a miniature building with a dome. The structure has four bulky legs. Each side has an arch with a frame. In all the corners between the arches there are engaged columns ending at the bottom with a disk. The base consists of two plinths. The column drum ends with a simple capital on a double disk. The capital has on both sides two elements representing, as it seems, the volutes. Between the arches and the capitals there are round projections. The shape recalls one of the iranian fire altars.
A dome with arched openings on the sides surmounts the structure. In the middle of the dome a six-petalled flower is carved. Over each capital there is a crowstep design. The element of a dome with arched openings has a parallel in a bronze censer from Amman (J15710).
This piece was interpreted as an incense-burner though no traces of burning were found inside. The object could be compared with building or temple miniatures, which were discovered in Hatra in northern Iraq and go back to the second and third centuries. There is a miniature of a room with four arches with two sculptured figures standing on the sides of one arch. Another example shows a similar design with four female figures. There are two examples with crowstep design above the arches, similar to the Amman piece. There is still another temple miniature surmounted in the four corners by horns similar to elements found usually in incense or fire altars. The piece can be compared to an incense-burner in steatite, at the Louvre museum, said to be found in Nishapur.
Finally, the piece could be compared with an alabaster altar found in Zeus temple in Jarash. The altar is square and on the top there a ring surrounded with four petals.
Basmaji, M., Treasures of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad, 1972, General Directorate of Antiquities, [in Arabic].
Lankester Harding, G., “Excavations on the Citadel, Amman”, in The Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 1, 1951, p. 7-16.
Safar, F., Mustafa, M. A., Hatra: The City of the Sun God, Baghdad, 1974, Directorate General of Antiquities, [in Arabic].
Seigne, J., « Recherches sur le sanctuaire de Zeus à Jérash (Octobre 1982 – Décembre 1983). Rapport Préliminaire », in Jerash Archaeological Project 1981 – 1983, Amman, 1986, Department of Antiquities, p. 29 – 69.
Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina, Köln, 1987, Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, n° 369.
La voie royale : 9000 ans d’art au Royaume de Jordanie, (exh. cat., Paris, Musée du Luxembourg 1986 –1987), Paris, 1986, Association française d’action artistique, n° 369.
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