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Weights
- Title/name : Weights
- Discovery place : Jordan, Aqaba
- Date / period :
First half 8th century
- Materials and techniques : Bronze, moulded ornamentation
- Dimensions : H. 0.4–2.5 cm; Diameter 1.3–2.5 cm; Weight: 2.1–149 grams
- Conservation town : Aqaba
- Conservation place : Archaeology Museum
- Inventory number : AM 51
Most pre-Islamic civilisations had systems of weights, but they were especially important in the Arab-Islamic world given official determination to regulate trade as tightly as possible.
The striking of currency and the making of weights were closely related activities, so as to ensure the value of coins and avoid the possibility of fraud.
The first weights were not made of metal, but bronze was used for weighing Islamic money, as were iron and glass.
The modernisation of the making of weights, the Arabisation of the relevant terminology and the process of engraving accompanied the different stages of development of Islamic currency. The relationship between the striking of coins and the verification of their weights using standardised glass measures was doubtless in force during this period.
In his book Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya Al-Mawardi (b. 972) points out that exact knowledge of the weight and value of the dirham is essential. During the Islamic period the stabilised weight was one dirham for six dawaniq and ten dirham for seven madhaqil (one mithqal = 25 grams). The close attention paid to the weight of such early Islamic currencies as al-habiriyya, al-khalidiyya and al-yusufiyya meant Ummayad currency was considered second to none, and was the only one acceptable to the Abassids for the paying of taxes.
In addition, all the Islamic dynasties accorded great importance to business operations, as witnessed by the development of the muhtasib and hisba system, which grouped together the state employees in charge of checking markets for the exactness of the currency used and the weights of the produce on sale. This was when Islamic markets saw the appearance of stone or metal weights created especially for this purpose.
The sample weights shown here are part of an Islamic archaeology collection. They were used for weighing both money and produce. It should be noted that the sample comprises nine extremely precise weights, in the form of pentagons, heptagons and octagons with evenly cut oblique edges. The actual weight of each increases from the smallest to the largest; this indicates that each had a specific weight-value, this being necessary for checking on the markets and even in the mints.
فهمي ، عبد الرحمن: صنج السكة في فجر الاسلام، مطبعة دار الكتب المصرية 1957م.
فهمي ، عبد الرحمن: فجر السكة العربية، دار الكتب ، القاهرة ، 1965م.
فلهوزن، يوليوس: تاريخ الدولة العربية ، ترجة محمد عبد الهادي ابو ريده القاهرة ، 1958م.
الكرملي ، انستاس: النقود العربية وعلم النميات
Gibb, H. A. R., The Arab Conquests in Central Asia, New-York : AMS Press, 1923.
Miles, G, The Numismatic History of Rayy, New-York : The American Numismatic Society, 1938.
Noujaim-Le Garrec, S., Estampilles, dénéraux, poids forts et autres disques en verre, Paris : Réunion des musées nationaux, 2004.
Walker, J, A catalogue of Muhammadan Coins in the British Museum, Londres : Trustees of the British Museum, 1956.
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