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Capitel de tipo andaluz magrebí
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- Título / Denominación : Capitel de tipo andaluz magrebí
- Lugar de producción : Túnez
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo XV
- Material y técnica : Mármol esculpido
- Dimensiones : Ancho: 22 cm. ; Alto: 23,5 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Túnez
- Lugar de conservación : Mausoleo de Sidi Kacim Al Jalizi
Este capitel corona una de las columnas de la habitación funeraria, las cuales reciben los arcos que sostienen la cúpula.
La alta ménsula, divida en dos partes de alturas casi idénticas, se apoya sobre un astrágalo que forma un burlete simple. Sobre la parte inferior cilíndrica en la prolongación del fuste, se enrollan unas guirnaldas de amplias hojas llanas en forma de gancho, ligeramente en relieve. Sobre la segunda parte, un elegante ramo centrado ligeramente en relieve, compuesto con amplios florones y medias palmetas alrededor de una palmeta, forma un amplio macizo cuadrangular que sostiene el ábaco de bulto.
Este capitel se remonta sin duda a la edificación del mausoleo de Sidi Kacem Jelizi a finales del siglo XV. Su modelo fue en boga en Túnez del siglo XV hasta el principio del siglo XVII. En efecto, existen otros especimenes del mismo estilo en varios monumentos de la medina de Túnez, como Midhat es-Sultan (1450), el mausoleo de Sidi Ben Arous (mitad del siglo XVI), ó también Dar Othman (finales del siglo XVI).
Especimenes análogos se hallan en toda la era hispano-mora, como en la Alhambra de Granada (España, siglos XIII-XV), en la madrasa al Attarine en Fez (1323), en la zawiyya de Chellah en Rabat de donde procede el capitel merinida datado 1331-1348[1], y en la mezquita Sidi Belhassen de Tlemcen (Argelia, 1296).
Notamos que el dibujo en meandro sobre la parte inferior de la ménsula del capitel hispano-moro se ha desarrollado esencialmente en la época almohade. Esta decoración, procedente de la corona de acanto del capitel corintio, se dedica únicamente a las variaciones imaginadas por los escultores de la Alhambra. Espigas curvilíneas o lazos reemplazan a veces los meandros hechos de cintas rígidas.
Marçais, G., L’architecture musulmane d’Occident, Paris, AMG, 1954, p. 341.
Tunisie : du christianisme à l’islam. IVe- XIVe siècle, (cat.exp. Lattes, musée archéologique, 2001), Lattes, Landes, Ben Hassen, 2001, p. 193.
Basset, H., Lévi-Provençal,
E., Chellah, une nécropole mérinide, Paris, 1923.
Marçais, G., L’architecture musulmane d’Occident, Paris, AMG, 1954.
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