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The Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe
- Name : The Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe
- Place : Guadalupe, Spain
- Construction date/period : Thirteenth – eighteenth century. The Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe was declared a “National Monument” in 1878 and a “World Heritage Site” by UNESCO in 1993.
- Construction materials : Stone, brick
- Architectural pattern : Stucco and ceramic decoration
- Author : (among others) Juan de Sevilla
- Dimensions : 22000 m²
This magnificent monastery, the jewel in the crown of Extremaduran architecture, has long been a site of pilgrimage. Both during the Middle Ages and in modern times it has also hosted many fruitful diplomatic encounters. It has served as both a royal pantheon and holiday destination for members of the royal family. The monastic ensemble is the fruit of several phases of construction as evidenced by the different styles of architecture, which make up the whole: Gothic, Mudejar, Renaissance, Baroque and Neo-Classical.
The history of this sanctuary began at the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries; a shepherd named Gil Cordero, from the Caceres region, found a statue of the Madonna, which had been hidden from the Arab invasion. The rumour that this statue of the Virgin could perform miracles quickly spread and even reached the ears of king Alphonse XI. The king greatly enjoyed hunting and would often practice his sport in the Las Villuercas area, where the statue was found. When he heard the stories, the king put himself at the mercy of the Madonna and was rewarded by victory in the battle of Rio Salado in 1340. Grateful for the favour that he had been granted, the King financed the construction and later enlargement of a chapel on the site, where the statue was found.
The ensemble includes a Gothic church (fourteenth – fifteenth century), several chapels, a sacristy, a Gothic-Mudejar cloister, a library (fifteenth century), the church of the Holy Trinity and a number of other buildings. The Mudejar cloister is particularly impressive due to its spectacular dimensions. It is rectangular in its layout and has two floors embellished with ribbed arches. In the centre, there is the well-known Mudejar pavilion built in 1405 by Brother Juan de Sevilla, which is a remarkable synthesis of Gothic and Islamic architectural elements. It has two irregular shaped floors, unequal arches characteristic of Almohad architecture, associated with curved bricks, stucco decoration and glazed ceramic tiles.
For many years the monastery remained in the hands of the order of Saint Jerome and then the Franciscan brotherhood. Today, after careful restoration, as well as continuing its religious services, the monastery is a site for cultural activities and it is even possible to spend vacations here.
Mogollón Cano-Cortés, Mª P., « Mecenazgo nobiliar y monástico », in El arte mudéjar. La estética islámica en el arte cristiano. Madrid, 2000, MSF, 2000.
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