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Jar (khabia)
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- Title/name : Jar (khabia)
- Production place : Salé, Morocco
- Date / period : Thirteenth to fourteenth centuries
- Materials and techniques : clay paste; engraved and stamped decorations under a glaze
- Dimensions : H. 59.5cm; diameter of base: 12cm; largest diameter: 58.7cm; diameter of mouth: 16cm
- Conservation place : the Challa archaeological site
- Inventory number : SAL 98
- Inscription :
اليمن
‘happiness’
The shape of this jar and the techniques employed in its manufacture were inspired by Andalusian productions, and attest to the continuous mixing of Ifryqian and Spanish cultures. It has no neck and a rolled lip. Its ovoid belly still bears the signs of two handles that were removed and has a slightly convex base with a small diameter.
The decorations are on the upper third of the jar, incised on horizontal clay cordons and stamped under a monochrome glaze. It is set out in four consecutive bands with vegetal motifs, split palmettes, and foliage, and bordered by incised bands with motifs of chevrons, lozenges, and undulations. In the upper band, the vegetal decorations described above are punctuated with prophylactic cursive inscriptions, bearing eulogies that reproduce the word al-yumn (‘happiness’).
This piece is a fine example of a group of jars produced in Morocco that are related to the tinajas, Spanish wine-jars with similar profiles and whose decorations are in relief or concave, then covered in a green glaze or slightly opaque amber lead. It is likely that the series of vases known as Alhambra[1] come from these jars, and these were made in Andalusia in the workshops of Malaga during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Similar jars were produced in Jezireh and in Egypt.
Their decorations are also related to Moroccan and Spanish well copings, like the one held in the Tetouan Ethnographic Museum, dating to 1190, whose decorations are stamped under a green glaze[2].
This type of jar was intended for the storage of liquids (oil and wine) or foodstuffs (grain). The glaze made the recipient watertight. It was already used in classical antiquity, in Mesopotamia or in Greece, because it was an essential and practical object that was used both homes and palaces. These jars were widespread in the Mediterranean region, and they could be buried in the ground to three-quarters of their height, or placed side by side in a storage area, examples of which have been found in Portugal.
[1] These articles are similar in shape, but their decorations and dimensions are different from the Morrocan examples.
[2] The Tetouan Ethnographic Museum, dated 1190, inventory No. 84.01.693.
Maroc, les trésors du royaume [Exposition Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1999), Paris, Paris-Musées, 1999, p.163, n° 243.
Bazzana, A., « La céramique médiévale », in Maroc, les trésors du royaume, (cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1999), Paris, Paris-Musées, 1999, p. 161-164.
Soustiel, J., La céramique islamique : le guide du connaisseur, Fribourg, Office du livre, 1985, p. 172, ill. 173.
A ceramica medieval no mediterrâneo occidental, (Actas do IV Congresso Internacional, Lisboa, 16-22 de novembro 1987), Mértola, Campo archéologico de Mértola, 1991, p. 496.
De l’empire romain aux villes impériales : 6000 ans d’art au Maroc, (cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1990), Paris, Paris-Musées, 1990.
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