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Dish with lotus flowers
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- Title/name : Dish with lotus flowers
- Production place : Raqqada or Kairouan, Tunisia
- Discovery place : Discovered during excavations at Raqqada (Kairouan)
- Date / period : Late ninth–early tenth century
- Materials and techniques : Clay ceramic; painted decoration over tin glaze
- Dimensions : H. 7 cm; D. 27 cm
- Conservation town : Raqqada (Kairouan)
- Conservation place : Museum of Islamic Arts of Raqqada (Kairouan)
- Inventory number : C 5
This hemispherical bowl has a pseudo raised rim and stands on a ring-shaped base. It is coated with a white opacified glaze on both faces. Three colours go into the composition – brown for outlining the motifs, green and ochre yellow for filling them in. A certain richness and a rhythmical effect can be observed both in the use of colours and in the way the motifs are arranged. Green and honey yellow half-moons border the lip. Radiating out from a six-pointed star that constitutes the central motif is a decoration comprising four palm leaves grouped in twos with lanceolate leaves placed diametrically opposite one another between the two pairs. Six lotus flowers are inserted around this arrangement, one between each of the six leaf motifs. To a large extent, the vegetal and floral motifs are reminiscent of the stars and branches, accented in places with rolls of rings, decorating certain ceilings on the Great Mosque of Kairouan.
Other ceramic objects from Raqqada display the same exuberant, varied ornamentation, with a raised rim decorated with alternating curved and semicircular lines. Already in the ninth century in Mesopotamia and in the tenth century in Fatimid Egypt, half-moon motifs were used on the raised rims of lustre ceramic dishes. Lotus flowers were to appear on other Fatimid bowls[1]. The combination of these motifs seems to be marked by a certain naivety owing to the influence of the Berber substratum, but the rhythmical effect of the shapes and colours is not alien to the Islamic aesthetic sense. It can be discerned, for example, on ninth- and tenth-century ceramic dishes from the excavations of Afrasiyab at Samarkand and from Iraq[2]. The same effect is found on Islamic ceramic ware unearthed in Mertola, Portugal[3].
The distinguishing feature of this dish is a white bottom with green and brown decoration, in contrast to most of the contemporaneous bowls unearthed in Raqqada, which have yellow bottoms decorated in green.
[1] Bowl of the lady of Sabra, Musée des Arts islamiques de Raqqada (Kairouan), inv. C 108.
[2] Plate decorated with fleurons, Iraq or Iran, first half of thirteenth century, Paris, Institut du Monde Arabe, inv. Al 88-32.
[3] Bowl, clay-bodied ceramic with cuerda secca decoration, twelfth century, Musée de Mertola, inv. CR/CS/0024.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris, 1994, IMA, Adam Biro, p. 128.
30 ans au service du patrimoine, (exh. cat., Tunis, Le Belvédère, 1986), Tunis, 1986, INAA, p. 249-257, 251, n° 42.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000), Paris, 2000, IMA, Hazan, p. 192.
Le vert et le brun, de Kairouan à Avignon, céramiques du Xe au XVe siècle, (exh. cat., Marseille, Chapelle de la Vieille Charité, 1995), Marseille, Paris, 1995, Musées de Marseille, RMN, p. 66-67, 102-103.
Terres secrètes de Samarcande, céramiques du VIIIe au XIIIe siècle, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du Monde Arabe, 1992), Paris, 1992, IMA, p. 43, 87.
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