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Tumbler
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- Title/name : Tumbler
- Production place : Sabra al-Mansuriyya (Kairouan), Tunisia
- Discovery place : Sabra al- Mansouriyya (chance discovery in 1922)
- Date / period : Tenth–early eleventh century
- Materials and techniques : Blown glass; cut and engraved decoration
- Dimensions : H. ext. 11.3 cm; H. int. 10 cm; D. 4.5 to 6.2 cm.
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : National Museum pf Bardo, TUnis
- Inventory number : VR 015
This slightly tapered tumbler is decorated on the lower two-thirds of its body. The decoration is cut and engraved between two double grooves and consists of three rows of diamond-shaped chequer-work with ellipses marking the intersections of the shapes. Each triangle is filled with a tapering oblique groove and each diamond, with two crescents facing each other at their tips.
The tumbler is one of many artefacts found on the site of Sabra al-Mansouriyya,[1] where glassblowers’ ovens and scraps of glass and crucibles discovered in the context of excavations attest to the existence of glass making.
The shape of this tumbler is reminiscent of that of glasses appearing on wooden[2] or ceramic items from Fatimid Egypt adorned with scenes of court life.
Similar tumblers were unearthed in Fustat (Egypt), Raqqa (Syria) and Iran and are attributed to the tenth and eleventh centuries. Like the one found in Sabra, they are decorated with somewhat roughly engraved wide ribbing. This type of decoration was widespread in the Islamic world. It first appeared in the ninth century in Samarra (Iraq) and was used at least until the eleventh century.[3] Many examples are known in Iran and Egypt, as testified by an object found in Thebes, now on display in the British Museum, and a tumbler now in New York’s Corning Museum of Glass.[4] Several fragments of similarly decorated glass were dug up in Fustat.
From the twelfth century onward, tumblers fairly similar in shape, tapering out to turned-out rims, with enamelled and gilded decorations, were in vogue in Egypt and Syria.[5] In fact the tumblers enjoyed such international success that a local production strongly influenced by eastern models came into being in Italy in the thirteenth century[6].
[1] Carafe, blown glass with engraved decoration, Sabra al-Mansuriyya, Tunisia, late tenth–early eleventh c., Tunis, Musée du Bardo, inv. V. 5.
[2] Frieze decorated with scenes of princely life, wood, Egypt, Cairo, from the maristān of Qala’ūn, early eleventh century, Cairo Museum of Islamic Art, inv. 3465.
[3] Tumblers from the wreck of Serçe Limani (Turkey), attest to the existence of this decoration circa 1025.
[4] inv. 59.i.477.
[5] Two tumblers decorated with Christian scenes, Syria, circa 1260, glass with enamelled and gilded decoration, Baltimore, The Walters Art Museum, inv. 47.17 and 47.18
[6] Tumbler with griffon, Italy, Venice, late thirteenth–early fourteenth century, glass with enamelled decoration, Frankfurt-on-Main, Museum für Angewandte Kunst, inv. 6770.
Marçais, G., Poinssot, L., Objets kairouanais, IXe au XIe siècle, Tunis, 1952, Tournier et Klincksieck, p. 389-390.
Marçais, G., Poinssot, L., Reliure, verrerie, cuivre et bronze, bijoux, Tunis, Paris, 1952, p.388-389 (Pl. LXI, i).
Daoulatli, A., Poteries et céramiques tunisiennes, Tunis, 1979, INAA.
Marçais, G., Poinssot, L., Objets kairouanais, XI-Fasc 2, Tunis, 1952.
Mozzati L., L'art de l'Islam, Paris, 2003, Mengès.
Découvrir l'art islamique en Méditerranée, Vienne, 2007, Edisud.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris, 1994, IMA-Adam Biro.
L'Algérie en héritage, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2003), Paris, 2003, IMA-Actes Sud.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000), Paris, 2000, IMA, Hazan.
L'Orient de Saladin, l'art des Ayyoubides, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde, 2001), Paris, 2001, IMA-Gallimard, p.189 sq.
Trésors fâtimides du Caire, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1998), Paris, 1998, SDZ, p.187.
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