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Water jug with filter
- Title/name : Water jug with filter
- Production place : Qal‘a des Banu Hammad, Algeria
- Discovery place : Qal‘a des Banu Hammad, Algeria
- Date / period : 11th century
- Materials and techniques : Clay-based earthenware, incised openwork ornamentation
- Dimensions : H. 15.5 cm; neck: Diam. 11.5 cm
- Conservation town : Constantine
- Conservation place : Cirta National Museum
- Inventory number : 4HP t94
This water jug or ewer is fitted with a small side handle surmounted by a conical thumbstall. It has a narrow ring-shaped base, a globular body and a truncated, flared neck. A filter seals the recipient at the level where the neck joins the body. As on most water jugs, this filter is decorated with incised openwork, forming a sort of floral geometric design like lace. A motif in compartments of oblong vegetal forms rays out around a central square, a motif very present in the decoration of green-and-manganese from the Maghhreb and Spain during the 10th to 12th centuries, as well as in Iran and Egypt. This type of jug or ewer without glazing was designed to hold water: the porous clay earthenware allows for some degree of evaporation which contributes to keeping the water cool. The function of the filter was to protect the water from pollution and insects.
This type of recipient is well known in Fatimid art: a large number of filters were found in Fustat, dating between the 11th and 12th centuries. These filtering water jugs or ewers testify to a predilection for ornamentation and aesthetic research even among utilitarian objects in Islamic art. The filters depict any number of themes, executed with exceptional refinement, with motifs of animal, vegetal or epigraphic design. This type of production began in the Maghreb beginning in the second half of the 10th century on the site of M’sila, of Fatimid origin, and on the site of Setif and Qal‘a—their motifs being predominantly of geometric and vegetal design. Such production was not as prolific in Sicily. We also know of some examples in Armerina, occasionally with spouts, and in Palermo, from the 11th to 13th centuries, with handles fitted with conical thumbstalls.
Sometimes the filter is on the level of the spout, like that of the proto-historic bowl from Maghraou (Tunisia) and the one from Gastel (Algeria) with its pouring spout, a tradition that continues even today in Berber pottery.
Golvin, L., Recherches archéologiques à la Qalà des Baû Hammâd, Paris : G.P Maisonneuve et Larose, 1965, pl. LXXI.
Gabrieli, F. ; Scerrato, U., « La ceramica », in Gli Arabi in Italia : cultura, contatti e tradizione, Milan : Garzanti/Scheiwiller, 1989, p.399-467
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (cat. exp., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994-1995), Toulouse/Paris : A. Biro/Institut du monde arabe, 1994, p.30.
Trésors fatimides du Caire, (cat. exp., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1998), Paris : Institut du monde arabe, 1998, p.181-182.
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