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Hunting scene
Fragment of a glass object
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- Title/name : Hunting scene
- Production place : Istanbul (Constantinople) (?), Turkey
- Date / period : Tenth century
- Materials and techniques : Coloured glass painted with silver stain
- Dimensions : 8 x 11.1cm
- Conservation town : New York
- Conservation place : The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Inventory number : Theodore M. Davis Collection, Bequest of Theodore M. Davis, 1915 (30.95.34)
This fragment of a glass object, irregularly broken, is perhaps part of a dish or a bowl, as the trace of a circular foot at the back of the fragment suggests.
The fragment is painted on both sides. Two beardless porters walking and carrying a long stick on their shoulders and dressed in short tunics and gaiters are depicted on the outer side. Between the two figures is suspended their prey, a gazelle or an antelope, whose four legs are attached to the stick. Two agitated dogs are part of this scene; the first is depicted underneath the prey, the second beside the figure on the right. To the left of the porters, a man, partially conserved, makes a sign to them. Parts of three other figures may be seen, as well as the tail and haunch of an animal, probably a leopard, below. Above, the hooves, long feet and curved neck of an animal, probably a camel, are visible. The animals represented, which – apart from the dogs – are difficult to identify, nevertheless suggest and African or Asian landscape. It seems that human figures and animals mix freely in a hunting scene.
On the back, the fragment was decorated with a concentric band 1.5 cm wide with stylized plant ornamentation. Palmettes and schematised leaves were painted between the zigzag lines.
The background colour is dark blue, produced using cobalt. In this example, the cobalt was combined with a relatively high percentage of iron and zinc. This composition is documented for ninth-century glass objects in Islamic contexts. The colour of the scenes, painted in silver, varies from green to dark yellow. The first coloured-glass objects made using this technique came from Egypt and dated from the eighth century. These findings rule out the object being Roman glass.
This plant decoration is found in Byzantine art of the tenth to twelfth centuries. It may be compared to that of a glass vessel in the treasury of St. Mark’s in Venice[1], dating from the tenth century. The two objects are decorated with figurative scenes inspired by secular art. The glass fragment features a hunting scene reminiscent of the decoration of mosaics and other objects from antiquity; the vessel is decorated with scenes from classical mythology.
In all likelihood, the New York glass fragment was produced in Constantinople in the tenth century. Its technique, known since the eighth century in Egypt, bears witness to the close ties between the Byzantine and Islamic worlds.
Shelton, K. J., in Weitzmann, K., ed. Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Centuries, Exh. cat., New York, Princeton, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Princeton University Press.
Whitehouse, D., L., Pilosi, Wypski, M. T., “Byzantine silver stain”, in Journal of Glass Studies 42, 2000.
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