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Guergour rug
- Title/name : Guergour rug
- Production place : Algeria, Guergour (Sétif region)
- Discovery place : Algeria, Guergour
- Date / period : Nineteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Wool, knot stitch, symmetrical knot
- Dimensions : L. 4.60 m ; W. 1.80 m
- Conservation town : Algiers
- Conservation place : Musée national des Antiquités et des Arts islamiques
- Inventory number : II. T. 96.
Guergour rugs are named after the place they are made, near the city of Hammam Guergour, in the northern part of the Sétif region. This rectangular rug with a red ground is framed by several borders: the one surrounding the central field is wider and features a jagged motif. At the centre, a rectangular compartment with squares extending out from it on either side encompasses a hexagonal design whose core is composed of a floral and geometric medallion. The corner pieces are decorated with triangles. The square compartments made it possible to vary the dimensions of a rug without altering the composition.
In Guergour rugs the ground colour is often dominated by madder red. These rugs are inspired by Turkish models, more precisely by rugs produced in the Anatolian town of Ghiordes. The story goes that a Turkish soldier who was billeted in Sétif, a weaver by trade, brought a small rug from his homeland to Zemmoura, a village in the region of Guergour. The Turkish soldier taught the reggam[1] the art of knotting rugs. The dimensions of the Turkish rug were no doubt different from Guergour rugs, which adapt the design to suit their own size. These proportions mean that more careful attention must be paid to the median line that determines the design. The secondary compartments may be extended for the sake of harmony.
The framing of Guergour rugs recalls the Anatolian origin of the design. The widest border reproduces almost exactly one of the most typical Ghiordes rug borders, based on popular tradition, which in Anatolia is called Janina embroidery. It consists of a series of long serrated leaves in a chevron pattern. The range of colours is fairly limited and the wool is thick. While Ghiordes rugs juggle with halftones and feature mihrabs with pale almond green or red grounds, Guergour rugs use pure, clashing colours and, in place of arabesques, linear elements that make the composition geometric. This style makes Guergour rugs similar to those made in the area around Constantine (Ot’if).
These rugs, which are influenced by those produced in the Anatolian region of Turkey, may have been created by mountain-dwelling weavers assigned to work for notables of Guergour. They are found amongst tribes in the surrounding areas, in particular in Maadid and the areas around Sétif. These craftsmen are said to have handed down their skill to local weavers, who adapted the designs to the dimensions of traditional Algerian rugs.
Walter, A. ; Godon, R., « Contribution à l’étude du tapis du Guergour », in Cahier des arts techniques en Afrique du Nord, 1952, p. 23.
Golvin, L., Les arts populaires en Algérie, t. II, Alger, 1953.
Giacobetti, R. P., Les tapis et tissages du Djebel-Amour, Paris : Leroux, 1932.
Feraud, C., « Ain el Beida », in Revue Africaine, 1871.
Feraud, C., « Ferdjioua et Zouar’s, notes historique sur la Provence de Constantine », in Revue Africaine, Alger, 1878.
Marçais, G., L’art des berbères, les conférences visites du musée Stéphane Gsell, 1954-1955.
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