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Guergour rug
- Title/name : Guergour rug
- Production place : Algeria, Guergour (Sétif region)
- Discovery place : Algeria, Guergour
- Date / period : Nineteenth
century
- Materials and techniques : Wool, knot stitch, symmetrical knot
- Dimensions : L. 4.60 m ; W. 1.80 m
- Conservation town : Algiers
- Conservation place : Musée national des Antiquités et des Arts islamiques
- Inventory number : II. T. 96.
Guergour rugs are named after the place they
are made, near the city of Hammam
Guergour, in the northern part of the Sétif region. This
rectangular rug with a red ground
is framed by several borders: the one surrounding the central field is wider
and features a jagged motif. At the centre, a rectangular compartment with
squares extending out from it on either side encompasses a hexagonal design whose
core is composed of a floral and geometric medallion. The corner pieces are
decorated with triangles. The square compartments made it possible to vary the dimensions
of a rug without altering the composition.
In Guergour rugs the ground colour is often dominated by madder
red. These rugs are inspired by Turkish models, more precisely by rugs produced
in the Anatolian town of Ghiordes.
The story goes that a Turkish soldier who was billeted in Sétif, a weaver by
trade, brought a small rug from his homeland to Zemmoura, a village in the
region of Guergour. The Turkish soldier taught the reggam[1] the art of knotting rugs. The dimensions of the Turkish rug were no doubt
different from Guergour rugs, which adapt the design to suit their own size.
These proportions mean that more careful attention must be paid to the median
line that determines the design. The secondary compartments may be extended for
the sake of harmony.
The framing of Guergour rugs recalls the
Anatolian origin of the design. The widest border reproduces almost exactly one
of the most typical Ghiordes rug borders, based on popular tradition, which in Anatolia is called Janina embroidery. It consists of
a series of long serrated leaves in a chevron pattern. The range of
colours is fairly limited and the wool is thick. While Ghiordes rugs juggle
with halftones and feature mihrabs with pale almond green or red grounds, Guergour rugs
use pure, clashing colours and, in place of arabesques, linear elements that
make the composition geometric. This style makes Guergour rugs similar to those
made in the area around Constantine (Ot’if).
These rugs, which are influenced by those
produced in the Anatolian region of Turkey, may have been created by
mountain-dwelling weavers assigned to work for notables of Guergour. They are
found amongst tribes in the surrounding areas, in particular in Maadid and the
areas around Sétif. These craftsmen are said to have handed down their skill to
local weavers, who adapted the designs to the dimensions of traditional
Algerian rugs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED TO THE ITEM
Walter, A. ; Godon, R., « Contribution à l’étude
du tapis du Guergour », in Cahier des arts techniques en Afrique du
Nord, 1952, p. 23.
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Golvin, L., Les arts populaires en Algérie, t. II,
Alger, 1953.
Giacobetti, R. P., Les tapis et tissages du Djebel-Amour,
Paris : Leroux, 1932.
Feraud, C., « Ain el Beida », in Revue
Africaine, 1871.
Feraud, C., « Ferdjioua et Zouar’s, notes historique
sur la Provence
de Constantine », in Revue Africaine, Alger, 1878.
Marçais, G., L’art des berbères, les conférences visites
du musée Stéphane Gsell, 1954-1955.
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