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Molde en forma de elefante
- Título / Denominación : Molde en forma de elefante
- Lugar de producción : Jordania, al-Fudayn (Mafraq)
- Fecha / Periodo : Período omeya
- Material y técnica : Bronce, grabado en el interior
- Dimensiones : Alto: 18 cm; ancho: 21 cm; fondo: 8,9 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Ammán
- Lugar de conservación : Museo Arqueológico de Jordania
- Número de Inventario : J 16514
Este molde está realizado con dos piezas simétricas. Posee tres «bisagras» (una debajo de cada pata y otra en la parte superior del lomo), compuestas cada una por dos anillas unidas por un enganche (aún presente en las bisagras de las patas, pero no en la del lomo). Ciertas partes del cuerpo del elefante, como las orejas, los ojos, los pies y el tronco, presentan grabados más marcados, lo que permite suponer que estas partes debían de aparecer en el producto final.
Parece que este objeto pudo servir como molde, ya para hacer pan o pasteles, ya para fabricar juguetes infantiles. La primera interpretación resulta difícil de aceptar, ya que, hoy, los moldes pasteleros son de madera, no de metal, probablemente por los efectos adversos que este último material pudiera tener sobre la harina; además, la presencia de aberturas en el molde no parece ser conveniente para el llenado con harina.
Este molde servía, pues, probablemente para fabricar juguetes, aunque seguramente el resultado, fuese cual fuese el material empleado, debía de ser bastante pesado y tosco y, por ende, poco apropiado para los niños. Se piensa que los juguetes debían de ser más pequeños, como atestiguan ciertas figurillas de arcilla halladas en una tumba infantil datada de la época helenística.
El elefante era un motivo muy frecuente en el arte levantino. Y así, en Petra, en la época de los nabateos, decoraba los capiteles del Gran Templo. Un mosaico de la iglesia de San Jorge de Madaba representa a un cazador a lomos de un elefante. Y existen hallazgos más antiguos, como un pequeño elefante de piedra de la época sasánida, o el elefante cazando (siglo VI) grabado en uno de los muros del iwan de Taq-i Kisraw, en Kermansha (Irán).
El elefante atestigua, entre otras cosas, las relaciones comerciales que mantenían los antiguos imperios, que llegaban hasta la India, China y África.
La misma técnica que la empleada para este molde se utilizó para un molde en forma de carnero destinado al mismo uso.
Erdmann, K., Die Kunst Irans zur Zeit der Sasaniden, Mayence : Kupferberg, 1969.
Gladiß, A. von, « Die antike Welt im Kulturwandel – Der Beginn der Islamisierung », in Gesichter des Orients. 10 000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur aus Jordanien, (cat. exp. Berlin, Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, 2004-2005), Maguncia : Philipp von Zabern, 2005, p. 237 – 247.
Piccirillo, M., The Mosaics of Jordan, Ammán: American Center of Oriental Research, 1993.
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