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Recipiente
- Título / Denominación : Recipiente
- Lugar de producción : Jordania, al-Fudayn (Mafraq)
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglos VII-VIII
- Material y técnica : Esteatita, decoración grabada
- Dimensiones : Alto: 15 cm; diámetro: 29 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Ammán
- Lugar de conservación : Museo Arqueológico de Jordania
- Número de Inventario : J 19308
- Inscripción :
«Para Nawwar» (?)
Este recipiente es uno de los diez aparecidos entre las piezas del tesoro descubierto en el palacio omeya de al-Fudayn.
El cuerpo, de gran tamaño y casi cilíndrico, está rematado con dos asas, anchas y sencillas. Su superficie está decorada enteramente con motivos geométricos, bandas horizontales o verticales, entre las que se insertan diagonales que forman «X» o entrecruzados decorativos. Las asas están adornadas con un zigzag puntuado con pequeñas rayas perpendiculares. En el interior del recipiente, aparece una inscripción en cúfico, difícil de leer: li-nawwar, «Para Nawwar» (?). Se ignora si esta frase hace referencia al propietario o al fabricante del recipiente, aunque, en cualquier caso, el grupo al que pertenece este objeto parece haber sido fabricado en su totalidad por un único artesano, como parecen demostrar los adornos, todos similares. En el granero unido al palacio, se hallaron dos recipientes de esteatita de color gris oscuro; uno de ellos estaba decorado con bandas rectangulares entre las que figuraban círculos concéntricos con puntos.
Un recipiente similar, de un diámetro de 25 cm, se encontró en uno de los palacios de Umm al-Walid, y otros aparecieron en Irán, durante las excavaciones de Susa.
Un incensario de Ammán presenta motivos similares a los del recipiente presentado aquí y, además, círculos concéntricos con puntos.
El uso de recipientes de esteatita estaba muy extendido en el periodo omeya. Objetos como el expuesto, con anchas asas aunque sin decoración, han aparecido en un cierto número de asentamientos omeyas, tales como Umm al-Walid, Fahl, Ammán, Siyagha o Ayla (Aqaba) en Jordania, o El-Ezariyah (Betania) en Palestina. También se han encontrado recipientes, pebeteros y lámparas de piedra (principalmente de esteatita) en Susa y Nishapur en Irán.
Estos recipientes se fabricaban quizá in situ, con o sin decoración, para uso de los palacios y de las casas acomodadas, ya que la esteatita, que procedía esencialmente de Arabia, se consideraba un material precioso. Uno de los ejemplares hallados muestra signos de haber sido reparado con remaches de hierro o de pasta blanca. Una ingente cantidad de estos recipientes tiene rastros de fuego en su base o en los laterales, lo que prueba que se destinaban a un uso culinario. El fondo de estos recipientes está ligeramente curvado, de manera que forma un ángulo agudo con la pared lateral, lo que permite al fuego calentar la superficie uniformemente.
Humbert, J.-B., “El-Fedein/Mafraq”, en Contribution Française à l’Archéologie en Jordanie, Ammán: Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient, 1989, p. 125-131.
Lankester Harding, G., “Excavations on the Citadel, Amman”, en The Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 1, 1951, p. 7-16.
Whitcomb, D., Ayla: Art and Industry in the Islamic Port of Aqaba, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1994.
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