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Al-Qasr Mosque
- Name : Al-Qasr Mosque
- Place : Tunis, Tunisia
- Construction date/period :
Twelfth century; minaret 1647-1648 AD
- Construction materials : Freestone, shelly sandstone, rubble stone
- Architectural pattern : Carved stone, coloured stone inlay work
- Recipient/Mandatory : Prince Ahmed ibn Khorassan; Ottoman Dey Mohamed Lâz (1647-1653)
- Inscriptions :
"Basmala – Quran IX, 18-19 This minaret was established / by the care of the pilgrim, the ascetic, the saint, Dey Mohammed, may Allah the Most High protect him. The year one thousand fifty-seven (1647-1648 AD) / Written by the sinner Mohammed/ Ibn Ahmad al-Khatib al-Halfawi"
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم "انّما يعمّر مساجد الله من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر وأقام الصلاة وأتى الزكوة ( كذا) / ولم يخش إلاّ الله فعسى أولئك أن يكونوا من المهتدين"
وبعد فقد جرا (كذا ) بناء هذه الصومعة/ على يدي الحاج الناسك المقدّس محمّد داي حفظه الله تعالى سنة سبع وخمسين بعد الألف/ كتبه أسير ذنبه محمد/ ابن أحمد الخطيب الحلفاوي
The rectangular mosque is located west of the city, near Bâb Mnara and the ramparts. On the outside, the west façade is lined with large blind niches topped by three-tiered arches forming a strong overhang which are not evoked in the façade of the Great Mosque of Sfax (eleventh century).
Occupying the north-west corner, the minaret was added in 1647 by Dey Mohammed, as attests an inscription in situ. Its outer façades are richly decorated and livened up on either side by two twin horseshoe arches, with arch stones of alternating colours. The parapet, highlighted with saw-tooth merlons, surrounds a lantern with a pyramidal roof topped by a godroon.
The mosque is made up of a prayer hall bordered on the south-west by a courtyard containing an ablutions hall. This room is covered by a double-barrel vault on transverse rib relieved by round arches resting on columns, most of them made of marble, surmounted by re-used capitals from various periods, some Roman and Byzantine. These support elements structure the space into seven naves positioned perpendicular to the qibla wall. The axial nave is larger than the others, in accordance with an Ifriqiyan architectural custom attested from the ninth century at the Great Mosque of Kairouan probably inherited from the Umayyad architecture of Syria[1].
Unlike many Ifriqiyan buildings, however, the bay of the mihrâb is almost identical to the six others, and no dome surmounts the mihrâb. Of a remarkable size, the latter is made up of a semi-circular niche lined with seven niches separated by pilasters, surmounted by a shell-moulded semi-dome, a type that is found in the mihrâb of the Great Mosque of Mahdiyya (tenth century) and the Great Mosque of Monastir (ninth century).
The courtyard, the floor of which is raised by 2 meters, is bordered by four porticos with round horseshoe arches relieved by re-used columns. The south-east portico shelters a mihrâb of the same type as the one in the prayer hall.
[1] Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, 685-715; Great Mosque of Damascus, 705-715; Abbasid mosques of Samarra.
Mahfoudh, F., "Observations sur la mosquée al-Kasr de Tunis", in : Mélanges d'Archéologie, d'Epigraphie et d'Histoire offerts à Slimane Mustapha Zbiss, Tunis, 2001, INA, p. 167-192.
Saadaoui, A., Tunis, ville Ottomane. Trois siècles d’urbanisme et d’architecture, Tunis, 2001, CPU, p. 60-61.
Zbiss, M., Les monuments de Tunis, Tunis, 1971, STD, p. 12-13.
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