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Qantara - Zoco de las Chechia
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Qantara Qantara

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Zoco de las Chechia


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  • Nombre : Zoco de las Chechia
  • Lugar : Tunisie, Tunis
  • Fecha, periodo de construcción : Siglo XIII-XIV  
  • Material de construcción : Ladrillo, mampuesto
  • Decoración arquitectónica : Madera pintada y esculpida

El zoco se encuentra cerca de la Gran Mezquita de Túnez. Junto con el zoco de al-Attarine («de los perfumistas») y el zoco de los Fakia («de los frutos secos»), es uno de los zocos más destacados de la medina de Túnez.

Es relativamente grande y está compuesto de una galería cubierta con bóvedas de arista, flanqueada por dos filas de tiendas que sirven de lugar de exposición y de taller para la confección de la chechia[1].

Esta industria, que sin duda se desarrolló tras la llegada de los primeros inmigrantes andaluces, conoció su apogeo en los siglos XVIII y XIX. El dinamismo de la industria de la chechia permitió el enriquecimiento de sus artesanos, pertenecientes a la burguesía tunecina. Elaboraron toda una línea de fabricación compuesta de diferentes talleres de lavado, tejido, costura, tinte y abatanado, dispersos en varios centros de las afueras de Túnez y a lo largo del río Medjerda.

La calidad de la chechia tunecina se impuso en todas partes de África septentrional (Argelia, Libia, Egipto) e incluso al sur del Sáhara (Níger, Chad, Malí...).

A partir de finales del siglo XIX, la competencia europea resultó fatal para esta industria, que acabó perdiendo todo su brillo. En la actualidad, este zoco empieza a revivir gracias al reconocimiento de las tradiciones vestimentarias y a la presencia de una cierta clientela turística.

Nota

[1] La chechia es el gorro nacional tunecino. La chechia tradicional se fabrica con lana peinada, tejida por las mujeres que confeccionan los gorros kabbous. Estos gorros son sometidos al abatanado o enfurtido: una vez mojados con agua caliente y jabón, los hombres los abatanan con los pies para ablandarlos, haciendo desaparecer prácticamente las mallas del tejido. Luego viene el tratamiento con cardo, planta utilizada en el cardado y peinado del gorro, para transformar el fieltro en terciopelo.

Bibliografía del monumento

Ben Mami, M. B., « Aswak madinat Tunus madjallat Ifrikiya » (« Les souks de la Médina de Tunis, Africa »), in, revue Silsilat Funun al takalid al-shabiyya, 1992, vol. 12, Tunis, INP, p. 43-93.

Brunschvig, R., La Berbérie orientale sous les Hafsides, t. 2, Paris, Adrian,  Maisonneuve, p. 231-232 et 276-282.

Ferchiou, S., Technique et société, la fabrication de la chéchia de Tunisie, Paris, Institut d'Ethnologie, 1973.




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