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Latin funerary stela
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- Title/name : Latin funerary stela
- Production place : Tunisia, Kairouan
- Discovery place : Discovered by chance in a mound of rubble known as Khraïb Sa’ad in Kairouan in 1961
- Date / period :
Monday, 9 March 1007 / 397 AH
- Materials and techniques : Carved marble
- Dimensions : W. 34.5 cm; H. 41 cm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Musée d’art islamique de Raqqada
- Inventory number : M.R.010
- Inscription :
Inscription in Latin script:
“Luna dies nobe Domini nostri Ihesu Christi millensimo septimo……annorum infidelium. Resurgat in vita eterna cum omnibus sanctis.”
Despite the classically influenced script and possible Mozarabic influences, the decorative lettering of the inscription is more reminiscent of Arabic calligraphy.
The epitaph, written in Latin, features both Christian and Muslim dates.
The upper section of the stela is damaged: as a result, the name of the deceased is not legible. Nevertheless, he was certainly a Christian and buried on Monday, the 9th of March in the year of grace 1007, corresponding to year 397 of the Hegira. At the end of the epitaph there are references to the resurrection and the cult of the saints.
What is most striking about this funerary inscription is the coexistence of Christian and Muslim dates, and the use of the expression “annorum infidelium” (“year of the infidels”) to refer to the Muslim calendar.
This epitaph – as well as two others discovered at the same site – attests to the presence of a large Christian community in Kairouan, which freely practised its religious rites. This is corroborated by historical texts that testify to the presence in Ifriqiya of largely Christian villages and to the survival of Latin in liturgical practice. While the use of the expression “annorum infidelium” on the epitaph is not exceptional as a reference to Muslims in a Christian milieu, it is unusual in an Islamic capital and is an indicator of the spirit of tolerance and respect for minorities that prevailed in Kairouan during the Middle Ages.
Furthermore, this stela is related to the Mozarabic stelae of Spain, some of which are on display in the Museo Arqueológico de Córdoba, which most probably indicates that there were ties between the two Christian communities.
Its date, expression and script are similar to the two other Christian epitaphs from Kairouan, one of which is currently on display in the Musée de Carthage[1].
Février, P.A., « Evolution des
formes de l’écrit en Afrique du Nord à la fin de l’Antiquité et durant le haut
Moyen-Age », in Tardo Antico e Alto Medioevo, Atti del Convegno
Internazionale, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 1968, Montova : SAP
Società Archeologica s.r.l., p. 208-213.
Mahjoubi, A., « Nouveau témoignage épigraphique sur la communauté chrétienne de
Kairouan au XIe siècle », in Africa, t. I, 1966, Tunis : INA, p. 85-96.
De Carthage à Kairouan, 2000 ans d’art et d’histoire en Tunisie, (cat.exp., Paris, Petit Palais, 1982), Paris : AFAA, 1982, p. 217, n° 288.
Tunisie : du christianisme à l’islam. IVème- XIVe siècle, (cat.exp., Lattes, musée archéologique, 2001), Lattes : Landes / Ben Hassen, 2001, p. 190, n° 101-102.
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