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Dírham de al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi
- Título / Denominación : Dírham de al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi
- Lugar de producción : Irán, Bishapur
- Fecha / Periodo : 77 de la Hégira/696-697 d. C.
- Material y técnica : Plata
- Dimensiones : Peso: 3,9 gr
- Ciudad de conservación : Ammán
- Lugar de conservación : Ahli Bank Numismatic Museum
Anverso: dentro de dos círculos concéntricos, se presenta un retrato simbólico del rey sasánida, mirando hacia la derecha y con corona alada. El rey lleva un pendiente de tres perlas y un collar, del que cuelgan igualmente tres perlas. A la derecha del busto, se ha inscrito el nombre de al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, en árabe, de arriba abajo. A la izquierda, hay una frase escrita, también de arriba abajo, en pelvi (o persa medio), que reza: «El Imperio resistirá en la prosperidad». Dos círculos rodean la shahada (declaración de fe) escrita en cúfico.
Reverso: en el centro de la moneda, el altar de fuego sagrado con un sacerdote a cada lado. Sobre el altar, una media luna y una estrella. A la derecha, una abreviatura en pelvi del nombre de Bishapur, ciudad en la que se acuñó la moneda. A la izquierda, la fecha, 77 de la Hégira (696-697 d. C.), con el mismo tipo de escritura. Cuatro círculos externos rodean estos últimos elementos. La franja limítrofe lleva cuatro estrellas y medias lunas.
Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi perteneció a la guardia armada del califa omeya Abd al-Malik (reinado 685-705) y, más tarde, fue gobernador de Hiyaz en Irak y de provincias persas. Era reputado por su firmeza y ha pasado a la Historia por haber sido el artífice de los toques de queda y de la ley marcial.
Su estatuto de gobernador le otorgaba el derecho de acuñar monedas a su nombre. Las monedas, con la efigie del anterior rey sasánida, reflejan el carácter transitorio de los primeros años del Imperio arabo-musulmán, cuando todavía no existía una iconografía específica para el soberano musulmán. Tras la reforma monetaria de Abd al-Malik en 696, se creó un tipo de moneda propiamente musulmán: en el anverso, la moneda llevaba la fecha de emisión, el nombre del lugar de acuñación y una declaración pía; en el reverso, una inscripción glorificando al profeta Mahoma recorría el borde de la moneda junto con otra fórmula piadosa.
Sin embargo, algunos antiguos ejemplares sasánidas continuaron empleándose en el arte islámico, al igual que la corona alada, que puede verse, por ejemplo, en los azulejos de cerámica enlucida, fechados en 862, del mihrab de la Gran Mezquita de Kairuán.
Al-Ish, Muhammad Abu Al-Faraj, Silver Treasure of Umm Hujra(h), Damas, 1972, Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées [en arabe].
Goussous, Nayef G., Umayyad Coins in Bilad Al-Sham, Amman, 1996, The Arab Bank, [en Arabe].
Lombard, M., L’Islam dans sa première grandeur, France, 1971, Flammarion.
Walker, J., A., Catalogue of the Muhammadan Coins in the BritishMuseum 1: A Catalogue of the Arab-Sassanian Coins, London, 1941, The British Museum.
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