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Rug from the southern Constantine region
- Title/name : Rug from the southern Constantine region
- Production place : Southern Constantine region, Algeria
- Date / period : First half of nineteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Knotted wool, Turkish (or symmetrical) knots
- Dimensions : L. 475 cm; W. 172 cm
- Conservation place : Paris, Institute of the Arabe World, (Institut du monde arabe)
- Inventory number : AI 03
The brick-red field of this rug has an extremely elongated format and is divided into four rectangular panels. The uppermost panel features chequered spandrels filled with stepped lozenges that are sprinkled with starred flowers; the second panel has a border of rosettes framing cross-shaped figures composed of four arrows pointing in opposite directions; in the third panel lozenges inside chequered spandrels appear again, crested with two medallions and two crosses botonny; the fourth one is made up of various stars and filled with eight squares[1].
This composition of separate panels is echoed in the two borders framing the rug, which imitate ceramic tiles with geometric motifs. In the upper right-hand portion of the inner border is a curious tortoise-shaped motif. The warp selvedges are accented soberly with a series of small diagonal bands. At the top of the rug, outside the frame formed by the borders, is one last ornamental register marked at the centre by a small mosque lamp, suggesting that the rug may have been used for religious purposes.
The Algerian rugs designated under the generic name of the “southern Constantine region” come from small production centres that are fairly far from each other. They are family enterprises run by the women of the household. The rugs often take their inspiration from Anatolian Turkish rugs that were probably brought over by civil servants posted to Algeria.
These officials either had the rugs remade more cheaply in Kabylia or entrusted them to artisans as models. The ornamental vocabulary presents a close resemblance, therefore, with the vocabulary used in the towns in southern Asia Minor where weaving was practiced. The rug that concerns us shares its repertoire with that of the rugs from Mélas, a town south of Smyrna. However, these Anatolian elements are arranged freely and are geometrized in the Berber tradition. The elongated format, which was dictated in part by the use of a horizontal loom, is well suited for the reception room of a wealthy village house.
Because southern Constantine region rugs were put to everyday use and were often poorly preserved, it is rare to find any dating from before the early twentieth century. The majesty of this rug’s decoration, the diversity of its motifs and the quality of its dyes – madder root for the red and indigo for the blue – make it one of the oldest and most beautiful of its kind.
[1] Technical analysis: warp: large-grade unbleached wool, Z3S; weft: pinkish wool, Z3S, four and sometimes five picks near the warp selvedges; pile: wool, Z3S, symmetrical knots; density: 400 knots per sq dm. Six colours: brown, brick red, dark indigo blue, peacock blue, yellow, ivory. Selvedge kilims missing, lateral trimming remade. Some recent restoration.
Bonnet, L., L’industrie du tapis à la Kalaa des Beni-Rached, Algiers, 1929
Bovet de, M.-A., Monographie du tapis algérien, Algiers, Gouvernement Général de l’Algérie, Direction du Commerce, de l’Industrie, du Travail et de la prévoyance Sociale
Golvin, L., Les Arts Populaires en Algérie, vol. III-IV. Les Tapis de l’Algérie Orientale, vol. V, Les Tapis du Guergour, Algiers, 1955
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