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Pilgrim’s ewer or gourd
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- Title/name : Pilgrim’s ewer or gourd
- Production place : Ottoman Turkey
- Date / period : Eighteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Leather embroidered with silver
- Conservation town : Paris
- Conservation place : The Institut du Monde Arabe Museum
- Inventory number : AI 88-55
This leather ewer was used for religious purposes. The ewer, which has a spout and once had a handle, facilitated ritual ablutions prior to prayer. The opening, which is closed by a stopper, and the flattened body with suspension rings indicate that the vessel could be carried slung across the shoulder and that it was also used as a pilgrim’s gourd. At Mecca, the pilgrims often drew water from the Zamzam spring, located right next to the Kaaba. The well, which is supplied by a spring that God revealed to Hagar (Abraham’s Arab wife), contains water that has healing properties and all sorts of beneficial effects.
Embroidered on both sides, the ewer’s ornamentation is characteristic of the decorative style in vogue in eighteenth-century Ottoman houses. The ornamentation, which is essentially vegetal in nature, is composed of five small bouquets arranged around a large peony with leafy stems. The peony, which originated from China, entered the Islamic repertoire in the fourteenth century and took various elegant forms. This peony is very plain, probably because it had been copied many times. These Chinese themes, which were simplified by embroiderers during the Ottoman period, spread to the Near East, the Balkans, and the countries of the Maghrib. Produced by means of the flat fishbone stitch or the feather stitch, they are found on towels, cloths, cushions, caftans, dresses, and vests. This decoration, which had no definite symbolism but comprised water, plants, and life, could be used for religious objects as it didn’t include ‘living’ creatures.
Transforming a cultural object into an objet d’art was a very common practice in Christianity. Pilgrims heading to Rome, Jerusalem, or Santiago de Compostela also took gourds and calabashes. The Santiago pilgrims carried them attached to their belts or the end of a staff. In the sixteenth century, craftsmen in France and Italy produced enamelled and gilded glass gourds; ornamented with shields, figures and portraits, they became objects of great luxury, on which religious references were less pronounced.
Arseven, C., Les arts décoratifs turcs, Istanbul, p. 305-308.
Etude Daussy-Ricqlès, Soustiel, J., David., M.-C., Art Islamique, 16 décembre 1988, p. 74, n°103.
The Anatolian Civilizations III Seljuk/Otomman, Istanbul, 1983, p. 283, E312.
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