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La Cena (the Last Supper)
- Title/name : La Cena (the Last Supper)
- Production place : Spain
- Date / period :
Second quarter of the fifteenth century
- Conservation town : Solsona
- Conservation place : Musée Diocesà i Comarcal
This painting was completed during the second quarter of the fifteenth century, and represents Christ’s Last Supper.
La Cena (cena means ‘evening meal’ in Latin) is the name given by (Spanish) Christians to Christ’s last meal, which he shared with the twelve apostles on the evening of Maundy Thursday, shortly before his arrest, the day before his crucifixion (also known as the Passion by Christians), and three days before his resurrection.
Initially, this scene was represented for pedagogical reasons, and then in the fifteenth century it became a major iconographic theme. Christ’s last meal is linked to the Eucharist (it was during this meal that Christ declared: ‘This is my body … this is my blood’) and plays a major role in Christianity.
The painting was created in fifteenth-century Catholic Spain, and Christ’s last meal is represented as a princely banquet, like those enjoyed by rich aristocrats in Valencia at the end of the Middle Ages. On the table are ceramics decorated with metallic lustre and cobalt blue, with a combination of Muslim and Christian influences. These are evident on the bowl of the second drinker to the left of Jesus, on the plate before Jesus, and on the cup in front of the first person to the right of Jesus.
The painting is a good illustration of the close relationship between East and West in expressing lifestyles and refinement.
Ceramics with iridescent metallic reflections came from the East. They were imported into Muslim Spain, and became a luxury object in the daily and refined lives of the princes. The Christian princes of Spain, who had very close contacts with Muslim civilization, adored this luxurious ceramic art with its changing reflections.
The Muslim artists were encouraged to live in Valencia, and the production of these objects began in the fourteenth century. This explains why these ceramics are often known as Hispano-Moresque ware.
The ceramics were extremely popular and were exported to all the European courts, like that of the Medici in Florence, and the Popes’ Palace in Avignon. As prestigious objects sought after by the most influential people, they can be identified in various paintings illustrating the most pious subjects (as in this painting), and in Enguerrand’s Pietà in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon.
Catalogue: Le calife, le Prince et le potier, the Fine-Arts Museum at Lyon and Réunions des musées nationaux, Paris, 2002.
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