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Wooden grille (darbuz)
- Title/name : Wooden grille (darbuz)
- Author : Fez, Morocco
- Date / period :
AD 1346–47
- Materials and techniques : Cut and assembled cedarwood
- Dimensions : Height 110.2cm; length 77.5cm; thickness 4.5cm
- Conservation town : Fez
- Conservation place : The Dar Batha Museum of Arts and Traditions
- Inventory number : 45.147
This grille comes from the Masbahiya Madrasa of Fez, and shows that woodworking flourished during the Marinid era (1196–1549). It is made up of small pieces of wood that have been cut and assembled, forming a lattice of regular links. The assembled parts form octagonal openings, in the shape of small, reversed four-pointed stars.
The complex assembly process of this grille, constituted of cut elements, was used for several balustrades and screens in Marinid mosques. This technique was already used in Egypt in the twelfth century, as can be seen on a grille from the mosque of Sayyida Nafisa, held at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo[1]. Although the wooden components have not been turned, the grille is reminiscent of the wooden screens (mashrabiyyas), systems used especially in Marinid and Alaouite civil buildings (houses, palaces, funduqs, and so on). It is probably Egyptian in origin, and was employed throughout the Mediterranean region.
The decorative formula based on the juxtaposition of octagonals and four-pointed stars appeared in numerous examples of Marinid woodwork in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: minbar, architectural elements[2], doors … the octagonals were also used in Morocco in other arts, like books or ceramic mosaics[3]. They were also used in Egypt, in woodwork: in the Louvre Museum, a wooden grille has an octagonal design alternating with four-pointed stars, like that in the Dār Batha Museum[4]. These motifs were also used in 1211 on the ceiling of the mausoleum of the imam al-Shāfi‘ī, then in various palaces of Cairo in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries[5]. Another source of inspiration could be Nasrid Andalusia[6]: indeed, the Marinids, who had a garrison for a long time in Granada often took inspiration from this ornamental repertoire.
Today, in Morocco, there are almost twenty different geometric compositions in turned wood lattices, shaped in the flat or in openwork.
[1]Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo 1615.
[2] Lintel, Shammā‘īn funduq, Fez, thirteenth century.
[3] Wall revetment in ceramic mosaics, fourteenth century, the Dar Batha Museum of Arts and Traditions, Fez, C. 61.
[4] The Louvre Museum, Paris HI 13.
[5] Ceilings of the Bashtak Palace, 1334–1339, Cairo, Egypt.
[6] Writing box, fourteenth century, National Archaeological Museum, Madrid 72/105 2.
Cambazard-Amahan, C., Le décor sur bois dans l’architecture de Fès, Paris : CNRS, 1989, p. 172.
Paccard, A., Le Maroc et l’artisanat traditionnel islamique dans l’architecture, vol.2, Saint-Jorioz : Atelier 74, 1979.
Terrasse, H., Art hispano-mauresque des origines au XIIIème siècle, Paris : Publications de l’Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines, XXV, 1932.
De l’empire romain aux villes impériales, 6000 ans d’art au Maroc, (cat. exp. Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1990), Paris : Paris-Musées, 1990.
Maroc, les trésors du royaume, (cat. exp., Paris, musée du Petit Palais, 1999), Paris : Paris-Musées, 1999, p. 148.
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