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Précis (Mukhtasar) by Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî
مختصر أبي مصعب الزهري
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- Title/name : Précis (Mukhtasar) by Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî
- Production place : Spain, Cordoba, Library of Caliph al-Hakam
- Date / period : 359 H./970
- Materials and techniques : Paper, inks
- Dimensions : 25 x 16 cm ; 174 pages
- Conservation town : Fes
- Conservation place : al-Qarawiyyîn Library
- Inventory number : 874
This manuscript, belonged to the extensive library of Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir of Cordoba (r.961-976), whose reign corresponded to a period of infiltration of Shafeite and Dhahirism doctrine, which caused antagonism between Dhahirists[1] and Malikis. The Maliki school was considered the official doctrine of the Omayyad Caliphate. It was one of the four schools of jurisprudence of Sunni Islam. The school was based on the teachings of the Imam Malik ibn Anas (m. 795), who lived in Medina and wrote the first treatise of Muslim law, Al-Muwatta’. His talent attracted numerous students, including Ahmad ibn Abî Bakr al-Qâsim, known by Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî, appointed judge in Medina, and who wrote his précis. The Maliki doctrine is based on the Medina collective practice of the Sunnah.
This almost square manuscript was written on resistant and durable paper from Shatiba, a city of al-Andalus. The work has no decorations. The text is written in Andalusian writing, in brown ink. The colophon reads: Précis Book Abî Mus‘ab Ahmad ibn Abî Bakr al-Zuhrî, Abî Is’hâq Ibrâhîm ibn Sa‘îd ibn ‘Uthmân al-Madânî version. It consists of thirty chapters dealing with the various issues of Muslim religious sciences (prayer, zakat, etc). It also bears the name of the copyist, Hasan ibn Yûsuf, who wrote it in 970. Rather illegible comments written in a different handwriting bear witness to a subsequent usage of the work, which has recently been restored.
Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir’s library housed 400,000 works in his time, and he would receive scholars from the Orient, in particular Abû ‘Alî Ismâ‘îl ibn al-Qasîm al-Qâlî al-Lughawî (the philologist). Historians like Sa‘îd al-Maghribî estimated the number of title summaries at forty-four, each summary consisting of twenty sheets of paper. Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî’s précis was passed to the al-Qarawiyyîn library, after it was placed in habus in 1935, by the aunt of the late King Muhammad V in 1934[2].
[1] The Arabic word dhahir, meaning “literal”, designates a way of proceeding used in fiqh (Muslim law) to extract the the obvious sense of the Koran. It encouraged the best readings to obtain the literal sense (dhahir), which gave rise to important developments in grammar and the sciences of language. In law and jurisprudence, it encouraged the literal meaning against all subjective interpretations, often opting for intransient positions.
[2] Placing something in habus or waqf is a legal act by which a person, in order to move closer to God, renounces an asset, removing it from commercial distribution endowing with a pious purpose for ever.
Muthallath Al-Andalus, Triangulo de Al-Andalus, (cat. exp. Rabat, Casbah de Oudayas, 2003-2004), Fundacion El Legado Andalusi, p. 188. [in Arabic]
الفاسي، محمد العابد. فهرس مخطوطات خزانة القرويين، مج. 2، الدار البيضاء، 1400- 1981
أفا، عمر / مغراوي، محمد. الخط المغربي : تاريخ ووقائع وآفاق، الدار البيضاء، وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية، 2007
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