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Précis (Mukhtasar) by Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî
مختصر أبي مصعب الزهري
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- Title/name : Précis (Mukhtasar) by Abû Mus‘ab al-Zuhrî
- Production place : Spain, Cordoba, Library of Caliph al-Hakam
- Date / period : 359 H./970
- Materials and techniques : Paper, inks
- Dimensions : 25 x 16 cm ; 174 pages
- Conservation town : Fes
- Conservation place : al-Qarawiyyîn Library
- Inventory number : 874
This manuscript, belonged to the extensive
library of Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir of Cordoba (r.961-976), whose reign corresponded
to a period of infiltration of Shafeite and Dhahirism doctrine, which caused
antagonism between Dhahirists[1] and Malikis. The Maliki school was considered the official doctrine of the
Omayyad Caliphate. It was one of the four schools of jurisprudence of Sunni
Islam. The school was based on the teachings of the Imam Malik ibn Anas
(m. 795), who lived in Medina
and wrote the first treatise of Muslim law, Al-Muwatta’. His talent attracted
numerous students, including Ahmad ibn Abî Bakr al-Qâsim, known by Abû Mus‘ab
al-Zuhrî, appointed judge in Medina,
and who wrote his précis. The Maliki doctrine is based on the Medina collective practice of the Sunnah.
This almost square manuscript was written on
resistant and durable paper from Shatiba, a city of al-Andalus. The work has no
decorations. The text is written in Andalusian writing, in brown ink. The
colophon reads: Précis Book Abî Mus‘ab Ahmad ibn Abî Bakr al-Zuhrî, Abî Is’hâq
Ibrâhîm ibn Sa‘îd ibn ‘Uthmân al-Madânî version. It consists of thirty chapters
dealing with the various issues of Muslim religious sciences (prayer, zakat, etc). It also bears the name of
the copyist, Hasan ibn Yûsuf, who wrote it in 970. Rather illegible comments
written in a different handwriting bear witness to a subsequent usage of the
work, which has recently been restored.
Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir’s library housed
400,000 works in his time, and he would receive scholars from the Orient, in
particular Abû ‘Alî Ismâ‘îl ibn al-Qasîm al-Qâlî al-Lughawî (the philologist).
Historians like Sa‘îd al-Maghribî estimated the number of title summaries at
forty-four, each summary consisting of twenty sheets of paper. Abû Mus‘ab
al-Zuhrî’s précis was passed to the al-Qarawiyyîn library, after it was placed
in habus in 1935, by the aunt of the
late King Muhammad V in 1934[2].
NOTE
[1] The Arabic word dhahir, meaning “literal”, designates a way of proceeding used in fiqh (Muslim law) to extract the the obvious sense of the Koran. It
encouraged the best readings to obtain the literal sense (dhahir), which gave rise
to important developments in grammar and the sciences of language. In law and
jurisprudence, it encouraged the literal meaning against all subjective
interpretations, often opting for intransient positions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED TO THE ITEM
Muthallath Al-Andalus, Triangulo
de Al-Andalus, (cat. exp. Rabat, Casbah de Oudayas, 2003-2004), Fundacion El Legado Andalusi, p. 188. [in Arabic]
الفاسي،
محمد العابد. فهرس مخطوطات خزانة القرويين، مج. 2، الدار البيضاء، 1400- 1981
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
أفا، عمر / مغراوي، محمد. الخط المغربي : تاريخ
ووقائع وآفاق، الدار البيضاء، وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية، 2007
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