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Mseilha Castle
- Name : Mseilha Castle
- Place : Near Batroun, Lebanon
- Construction date/period : Twefth and seventeenth centuries
- Construction materials : Stone
- Dimensions : 40 x 10 m
Located near the small town of Batroun, on the road north of Beirut that goes to Tripoli via the Nahr al-Jawz[1] Valley, the site of the castle of Mseilha was known during the Crusades by the name of Puy du Connétable, or Passe-Saint-Guillaume. Local tradition attributes the construction of the building to Emir Fakhr Al-Din (1572-1632) around 1624, period during which he revolted against the Ottoman regime, but there are no historical sources to corroborate this.
The castle is perched atop a rocky pinnacle with an east-west orientation, which controls the mouth of the Nahr al-Jawz Valley. It comprises two compact structures: one eastern block with walls 1 to 2 meters thick; one western block positioned slightly lower. Stairs hewn from the rock allow access to the north. The door, equipped with a drop-box and flanked with a balistraria, opens onto a narrow courtyard. There are vestiges, probably of a chapel, in the south-east corner of the south building. The arrow slits are concentrated on the south-west corner, overlooking the valley pass toward the south.
No doubt this isolated rock had, in all eras, a fortification. Its strategic position explains the attribution of this stronghold to the constable of Tripoli, an important county figure, the first known being a certain William in 1106. This seigneury was maintained until 1278. The analogy between the castrum constabularisi given in 1109 by Bertrand of Saint-Gilles to the Saint-Laurent de Gênes Church, and by Guillaume de Farabel, constable of Tripoli and Lord of Puy (known as du Connétable) in 1277, prompts us to associate these mentions with the fortified pinnacle of Mseilha. The use in the Midi-Pyrenees of the term "pog" or "puy" to refer to similar sites may also confirm the mixed origin. Furthermore, the layout of the Mseilha monument in two compact structures evokes the Cathar castles of Monségur or Vivioures in the south of France.
According to researchers, the vestiges preserved present a homogenous outer appearance, probably dating back to the Ottoman period, which would confirm the traditional date of seventeenth century. However, the presence of several types of shooting chambers with arrow slits also indicates successive remodelling. The many arrow slits look either like those found in all Crusader and Muslim castles, or like embrasures for fire arms, devoid of the long slits. Everything points to attributing this site to the era of the Crusades.
Nordiguian, L., Voisin, J.-C., Châteaux et Eglises du Moyen-Âge au Liban, Beyrouth, 1999, Éditions Terre du Liban.
Salame-Sarkis, H., « Le château de Musayliha », in Annales d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de l’Université Saint-Joseph, 5, 1986, p. 45-64.
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