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Hafsid dinar
- Title/name : Hafsid dinar
- Production place : Tunisia, Tunis or Bjaya (?)
- Discovery place : Tunis
- Date / period : AH 647–75 / AD 1249–77
- Materials and techniques : Gold, struck decoration
- Dimensions : D. 29 mm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Musée des arts islamiques de Raqqada
- Inventory number : 453
- Inscription :
Intaglio inscription in Andalusian cursive script with bevelled ascenders
- Obverse: à centre: “Al-Mahdi, caliph of God. Praise be to God. Power and strength be to God.”
à border: “Basmala-Taslia. There is no other divinity but God, Muhammad sent by God.”
- Reverse: à centre: “Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad, son of the Rashidun princes.”
à border: “Al-Mustansir Billah al-Mansūr, thanks be to God, prince of the believers.”
The Hafsids (Tunisia, eastern Algeria, 1228–1574) continued to strike coins in the style used by the Almohads, who had introduced the square shape on the coins of Ifriqiya. Although generally round, Hafsid dinars feature an inscription divided between the interior and exterior of a central square.
The dimensions and weights of Hafsid dinars exceeded those set by Islamic legislation and those of the coins of their predecessors. This reflects the fact that the gold-producing centres of sub-Saharan Africa steadily supplied the Maghreb, but does not necessarily indicate the great economic prosperity of the region during this period.
The Almohad and Hafsid coins were magnificent and of high quality, hence the keen interest shown by Europeans in gold coins known as masmuda and dobla, and the silver dirhams known as millares. Merchants from Pisa, Genoa, Venice, Marseille and Barcelona supplied the North African ports of Ceuta, Algiers, Bougie and Tunis with products made on the north shore of the Mediterranean in exchange for raw materials and gold and silver coins.
The cursive script, characterised by the clearness and sobriety of the letters, was a legacy from Almohad art. The epigraphic field is filled with various decorative motifs (annulets, whirls, fleurons, spirals and palmettes).
The motto – “Al-Mahdi, caliph of God. Praise be to God. Power and strength be to God.” – reflects the continuity with the Almohad doctrine.
This coin is comparable to those struck in Spain during the Alhomad period, especially in terms of form. The inscriptions of Spanish Alhomad coins are in cursive script and also feature remarkable analogies with the script on Almohad coins struck in Morocco[1]. The coins of the kingdom of Beni Zayyan (1235–1554) in Tlemcen scarcely differed from the Hafsid prototype, but the script used is North African and raised[2].
[1] Medal in the name of the Alhomad caliph Abū Hafs al-Mourtadha (r. 1248–66), gold, Rabat, Musée numismatique de Bank al-Maghrib, inv. 1467.
[2] Coin, gold, 1308–18, Musée d’Oran, inv. SN.
Ajjabi, H., Jâmi al-maskoukât al-Arabiyya bi-Ifriqiyya, t.1, Tunis : INAA, 1988, n° 388, p. 302, pl. 34.
Coins of al-Andalus Tonegawa collection [en ligne], disponible sur <www.alandaluscoinstonegawacollection.50g.com/>, (consulté le 3 juillet 2008).
Brèthes, J. D., Contribution à l'histoire du Maroc par les recherches numismatiques, Casablanca, 1936.
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