Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
340
Notice: Undefined index: motscles in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/public/include/doc_menu.php on line
60
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
361
Notice: Undefined variable: url_home_thesaurus in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
2685
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
340
Notice: Undefined offset: 10 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 3 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 60 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 58 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 59 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 61 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined variable: url_home_thesaurus in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
2685
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
340
Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 10 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 14 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 23 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 39 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 42 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 49 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 54 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 70 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 71 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined variable: url_home_thesaurus in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
2685
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
340
Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 8 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 9 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 13 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 14 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 15 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 16 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 17 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 20 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 21 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 22 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 23 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 30 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Undefined offset: 31 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 33 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
684
Notice: Undefined offset: 39 in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php(2723) : eval()'d code on line
1
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
361
Portrait medal of John VIII Palaeologus
- Title/name : Portrait medal of John VIII Palaeologus
- Author : Pisanello (Antonio Pisano)
- Production place : Italy
- Date / period : c. 1437
- Materials and techniques : Cast bronze
- Dimensions : D. 10,2 cm
- Conservation town : Paris
- Conservation place : Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des monnaies, médailles et antiques
- Inventory number : MMA, collection Armand & Valton, n° 17
- Inscription :
Obverse: Ο
ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΣ ΙΩΑΝΝΗΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ
ΚΑΙ
ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡ ΡΟΜΑΙΩΝ
Reverse:
OPVS·PISANI·PICTORIS
ΕΡΓΟΝ ΤΟΥ
ΠΙΣΑΝΟΥ ΖΩΓΡΑΦΟΥ
- Transcription (fr, eng, esp) :
Obverse:
O
Palaiologos Joannes basileus kai autokrater [ton] Romaion
Reverse:
Opus Pisani
pictoris
Ergon tou
Pisanou Zographou
- Translation :
Obverse: John Palaeologus, king and emperor of
the Romans
Reverse: Work
of the artist Pisano (in Latin and Greek)
This medal, probably the first Renaissance
medal featuring a portrait, is now kept in the Cabinet des médailles in Paris. It
is the work of Antonio Pisano, better known as Pisanello (c. 1395–1455). The bilingual inscription – in Greek and Latin – on
the reverse allows the medal to be attributed to the Italian Renaissance
painter, medallist and miniaturist.
The inscription on the obverse, in
Greek, identifies the Emperor John VIII
Palaeologus (1425–48). During his reign, the empire was at its smallest:
all that remained was the capital and a few provinces. Faced with the Ottoman danger,
John VIII and his father Manuel II Palaeologus undertook several voyages to Europe to appeal for help, but none of them were
successful. In 1437 Emperor John VIII
Palaeologus was invited to Italy by Pope Eugenius IV to explore the
possible union of the two Churches. The council took place in Ferrara, then in Florence.
John VIII Palaeologus arrived
accompanied by the patriarch of Constantinople, Joseph II. They both signed the
decree unifying the Churches but this decision ended in failure, as the Byzantine
clergy refused to acknowledge it.
The medal was probably made during
the emperor’s visit to Italy. On the obverse, John VIII, with a moustache, pointed beard and curled hair, presents
his right profile. He wears headgear with a high conical crown and whose turned-up
brim points forward, a shirt with a collar and a jacket open at the front over
it. This representation of the emperor is very common, both in miniature – for example,
in Codex 2123 in Saint Catherine’s monastery in Sinai – and in bronze sculpture,
as in the Vatican Museums. On the reverse, John VIII is depicted on horseback, accompanied by two other horsemen,
and praying in front of Latin cross located in a mountain landscape.
Various objects depicting John VIII Palaeologus from the West were
produced when the Byzantine emperor was travelling in Europe and during the
Council of Ferrara. They give the impression that the emperor’s headdress and
clothing were astonishing. This headgear was worn by Byzantine emperors and
high dignitaries. There is an example of it in the portrait of Manuel Laskaris
(d 1445) found in the church of the Pantanassa in Mistra, Greece.
Valuable information about the
clothing may be found in the sketches of Pisanello in the Musée du Louvre and the
Art Institute of Chicago: the artist had drawn and taken notes on John VIII Palaeologus and his
entourage during the entire length of their stay in Italy. We can recognise
various textiles, such as, for example the Mamluk fabrics that John VIII Palaeologus had received as
a gift from the Egyptian sultan.
A parallel with the Islamic world
may be pointed out: Mehmed II (1444–81), the conqueror of Constantinople, had
medals made in his own image of the same type as that of John VIII, calling on Italian craftsmen whose
names are inscribed in Latin.
BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED TO THE ITEM
Evans, H. C., Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557), Exh. cat., New York, New Haven, London, 2004, Yale University Press.
Weiss, R., Pisanello’s
Medallion of the Emperor John VIII Palaelogus, London, 1966.
REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Notes on the works produced on the occasion of
John’s VIII visits of Ferrara and Florence:
Evans, H. C., Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557), Exh. cat., New York, New
Haven, London, 2004, Yale University Press.
Parani, M. G., Reconstructing the
Reality of Images: Byzantine Material Culture and Religious Iconography, 11th–15th
Centuries, Leiden, 2003, E. J. Brill.
Warning: MySQL query error: Expression #1 of ORDER BY clause is not in SELECT list, references column 'qantara.fr_index.in_poids' which is not in SELECT list; this is incompatible with DISTINCT in
/srv/data/web/vhosts/www.qantara-med.org/htdocs/Connections/fonctions.php on line
3281
No MySQL connection