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Folio del corán
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- Título / Denominación : Folio del corán
- Lugar de producción : Túnez?
- Lugar de hallazgo : Kairuán, biblioteca de la Zawiyya de Sidi Sahib
- Fecha / Periodo : Final del siglo XII H./ Final del siglo XVIII J.C.
- Material y técnica : Papel afiligranado, tinta negra, pigmentos y oro
- Dimensiones : Largo : 13 cm ; ancho : 8 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Kairuán
- Lugar de conservación : Museo de Arte Islámico de Raqqada
- Número de Inventario : BS 34
- Inscripción :
La Fatiha, sura al-Bakara II, 1-17
Estos dos folios proceden de un corán escrito en grafía magrebina y legado (habous) a la Zawiyya de Sidi Sahib en 1831. Los signos ortográficos son marcados según el método elaborado por al-Khalil Ibn Ahmed[1]. Las vocales se marcan en rojo, el sukun y la shaddah en azul, la hamza en amarillo ocre o dorado y la hamzat al-wasl en verde.
Este corán, caligrafiado probablemente durante el siglo XVIII, constituye un ejemplo perfecto de la simbiosis entre las aportaciones hispano-moras y las influencias otomanas que ofrecen a las producciones artísticas de Ifriqya, incluso en la época moderna, una personalidad propia. En efecto, si la escritura y los colores de los signos diacríticos son típicamente magrebinos, el decorado del frontispicio de la Fatiha, adornado de motivos florales, demuestra claramente la influencia de la escuela otomana, que se inspiró ella misma del arte iraní.
El folio de la Fatiha de un corán otomano que se puede datar del siglo XVII y conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia (BNF árabe, 433) así como el frontispicio del Sahih al-Bukhari, realizado por el calígrafo turco Hassen Ridha Effendi, que data de 1913 y conservado actualmente en la Biblioteca de Topkapi en Istanbul[2], son un buen ejemplo del estilo otomano que ha influenciado las iluminaciones de los coranes de Ifriqya. El decorado arquitectónico tunecino de los siglos XVIII-XIX[3] son también marcados por la influencia otomana que, junto a las otras aportaciones extranjeras (sobre todo hispano-moras e italianas) y la identidad tunecina, dio luz a formas artísticas originales.
[1] Écrivain et philologue du sud de l’Arabie (718-791), il publia le premier dictionnaire d’arabe (Kitab al-Ayn ou Le livre source) et établit le système diacritique de la langue arabe.
[2] Istanbul, Bibliothèque de Topkapi Sarayi, section al-Burda ash-sharifa,, n°39.
[3] Turbet al Bey, Tunis, Tunisie, 1777.
Rammah, M., Le Musée des Arts Islamiques de Raqqada (Kairouan), Túnez , APPC, 2008, p. 20.
Manuscrits rares dans la Bibliothèque Municipale d'Alexandrie (Maktabat al Baladia), El Cairo, UNDP-UNESCO, 1995, n°2, 19, 21, 23, 44, 58.
Déroche F., Manuel de codicologie des manuscrits en écriture arabe, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2000, photo de couverture et p. 216, n.°44.
Chabbouh, B., Le manuscrit, Chefs d'oeuvres de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Tunis, (cat. exp., Túnez , 1989), Túnez , Allaif, 1989.
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