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Kursī
Qur’an cabinet
- Title/name : Kursī
- Author : Muhammad ibn Sunkur al-Baghdadî al-Sinâyî
- Production place : Probably Cairo
- Discovery place : Māristān in the Qalāʾūn complex, Cairo, Egypt
- Date / period : AH 728/AD 1328
- Materials and techniques : Copper alloy; openwork decoration, inlaid with silver and gold
- Dimensions : Height 81cm; length 40cm
- Conservation town : Cairo
- Conservation place : Museum of Islamic Art
- Inventory number : 139
- Inscription :
In thuluth and plaited Kūfic
"Good wishes addressed to Sultan Muhammad ibn Qalāʾūn, signature and date"
This hexagonal-shaped kursī stands on six cylindrical legs and comprises a small double-leaf door which opens to reveal a set of shelves. The cabinet’s shape is common in such pieces. There’s a second copper alloy cabinet in the Cairo museum, which has a similar shape[1], and a third one, which is made of wood with marquetry in wood of different colours and ivory[2]. In the Louvre Museum, there’s a hexagonal top that probably originates from the same type of cabinet[3]. From the sixteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century, the Ottomans made several kursī that were modelled on that of Ibn Qalāʾūn: some, made in the sixteenth century, were direct copies, and others were simply transformed into kursī. Other Qur’an cabinets with various shapes were made in large numbers under the Mamlūks.
The openwork decoration and silver inlay combine vegetal motifs, thuluth and plaited Kūfic calligraphy, and circular blazons with epigraphy. The decoration is organized in four sections laid over the sides, and in a radial way on the top. The epigraphic decorations, with lines radiating towards the centre, are evocative of the sun, which is a common symbol for a princely person[4]. Some of the motifs had been used in Egypt since ancient times, such as the vegetal spirals, which are reminiscent of Fātimid works such as ivories[5]. Others, such as the ducks in flight, are commonly found on Iranian and Egyptian metals from the fourteenth century. Some of them hadn’t been used in Egypt before, such as the lotus flowers, represented in the centre of the hexagonal top. They reflect the extensive trade that existed between Egypt and Iran, particularly after the Pax mongolica of 1326.
The circular blazons divided into three horizontal bands are characteristic of Mamlūk works. The fact that they contain epigraphy betrays the status of their owner—blazons with epigraphy (at least during the Bahri period) were reserved for sultans.
[1] Hexagonal kursī, chiselled copper alloy inlaid with silver, fourteenth century, Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, 138.
[2] Kursī in wood with marquetry bearing the name of Shaban II, 1369, Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, 449.
[3] OA 570
[4] In representations of the planets on Iranian and Mamlūk metals, the sun is sometimes replaced by a representation of a prince on the throne.
[5] Facings with figurative decoration in ivory, Berlin museum, I. 6375.
Replica Omega Seamaster Planet Ocean 600M
Wiet, G., Catalogue général du musée arabe du Caire, Objets en cuivre, Cairo, Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 1932, n° 139, p. 14 – 28, pl. I - II.
Atil, E., Renaissance of Islam: Art of the Mamluks, (exh. cat., Washington D.C., Smithonian Institution), Washington D.C., Smithonian Institution Press, 1981.
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