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Manuscript - Histoire de Beyrouth
- Title/name : Manuscript - Histoire de Beyrouth
- Author : Salih ibn Yahya ibn Buhtur
- Production place : Lebanon
- Date / period : Fifteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Paper, black and coloured ink, gold
- Dimensions : Height, 21 cm; length, 15.5 cm; 15 lines per page
- Conservation town : Paris
- Conservation place : Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Manuscrits orientaux
- Inventory number : inv. 1670 (Ancien fonds 821, Colbert 4584)
- Inscription :
Arabic
This is the only existing handwritten manuscript of this work. It was meticulously written with titles in gold colour ink and red ink. The verses are punctuated with golden rosettes embellished with red and blue dots.
The author belongs to the Bani Buhtur clan of the Tanukh tribe. From northern Syria, this clan was encouraged around 1110 by the Atabeg[1] of Damascus to establish itself, for defence purposes, in the district of Al-Gharb, south east of Beirut, further to the conquest of the latter by the Crusaders. The sovereigns of Damascus apparently called upon other clans to establish themselves in buffer zones with the Crusader States, but not much is known of the history of the various tribes in of this period.
According to Hours and Salibi, the history book of Salih b. Yahya is important from two perspectives. On the one hand, it is the only original historical record that has survived from a rural district of Syria at the time of the Crusades and the Mamluk; on the other hand, it is one of the rare sources that allows us a glimpse of the Medieval origins of modern Lebanon. The history of the Buhtur is linked to that of the Lebanese emirate, founded by the Ma‘an of Chouf in the seventeenth century and to which they were allied by marriage. The text contains topographic and historical observations about the city of Beirut, a chronology of the Bani Buhtur over three generations from the ancestor Buhtur b. ‘Ali (twelfth century) to the period in which the author, who died in 1436, wrote the work. By reproducing numerous documents (decrees, investiture titles, official correspondence), the work retraces in detail the history of the relations between the Buhtur and various governors of Damascus, and makes a major contribution to the study of the provincial Ayyubid and Mamluk administration, as well as to that of the feudal and military organisation of the country.
The manuscript was brought back to France in 1673 for the Colbert library which contained two hundred and forty-six Arabic manuscripts, and was later acquired by the Bibliothèque du Roi. It attests of the attention that the Occidentals of the time, and the French in particular, paid to the Oriental world due notably to the commercial interests that bound them to the Oriental shores[2].
[1] During the Seljukide period (eleventh-twelfth), high dignitary occupying the function of tutor to a young prince. Often the Atabeg is a military leader and assumes the responsibility of regional governor.
[2] See also Khan al-Franj in Saida.
Sâlih b. Yahyâ, Târîkh Bayrût. Récits des anciens de la famille de Buhtur b. ‘Alî, Emir du Gharb de Beyrouth, text established by, Hours, F., Salibi, K., Beirut, 1969, Dar El-Machreq.
Liban, l’autre rive, exh. cat., Paris, 1998, Arab World Institute, Flammarion, p. 254 - 255.
Pouzet, L., « Sâlih b. Yahyâ », in Encyclopédie de l’Islam, vol. VIII, Leyde, 1995, E.J. Brill, p. 1020.
Salibi, K. « The Buhturids of the Garb. Mediaeval Lords of Beirut and of Southern Lebanon », in Arabica, 8, 1961, p. 74-97
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