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Glass pitcher
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- Title/name : Glass pitcher
- Discovery place : Tabaqat Fahil, Jordan
- Date / period : 8th century
- Materials and techniques : Blown coloured glass
- Dimensions : H. 10 cm; Diameter (belly): 14.5 cm; Diameter (opening): 5.5 cm
- Conservation town : Irbid
- Conservation place : Dar al-Saraya Museum
- Inventory number : Ir 2131
The Near East has been famous for its glassware since ancient times. It would seem that the technique of glassblowing was discovered in Phoenicia in the 1st century AD, and that the making of such items spread rapidly. Many pieces from this and the Roman periods have survived and with the advent of Islam different forms – bottles, vases, drinking cups, dishes, etc. – multiplied, as did decorative techniques: trails and blobs, incisions, engravings, millefiori, mouldings, lustre, marbling and cameo glass. Examples of these different techniques have been found on a number of 9th-century sites, both in the Near East and the eastern parts of the Islamic world.
The simplest method, and the one used for this small glass pitcher is that of direct blowing, an art Venetian craftsmen learnt from their Syrian counterparts. This technique lives on today in Syria – in Damascus and Aleppo – and in Egypt; more rarely in the work of traditional glassmakers in Jordan; and in modern factories. It is also used at the Biot glassmaking works in the South of France.
This small pitcher, with its round belly and short, cylindrical, splayed neck, has a handle applied to the lip and shoulder. Its exact use is not known, but it may be one of the perfume containers of which so many were exported throughout the Mediterranean. Many similar pieces are to be found in museums around the world, including the Louvre, the museums in Damascus and Cairo, the Glass Pavilion at the Museum of Art in Toledo (Ohio), and the Corning Museum of Glass in New York. Nor was glass restricted solely to the making of containers. "Gold sandwich" glass, coloured and overlaid with gold leaf, is part of the mosaics in the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (691), the Great Mosque of Damascus (705–715), and later the mausoleum of Muhammad ibn Qala’un in Cairo (1285). It also appears in the screen walls of mosques and palaces throughout the Islamic world.
Hattstein, M. ; Delius, P. (dirs.), Islam Art and Architecture, Cologne : Könemann, 2004.
McNicoll, A., et al., Pella in Jordan 1 : an interim report on the joint University of Sydney and the College of Wooster excavations at Pella 1979-1981, Canberra : Australian National Gallery, 1982.
Parkes, P. A., Current Scientific Techniques in Archaeology, Londres : Croom Helm LTD, 1986.
Smith , R. H., et al., Pella of the Decapolis, vol. 1, Wooster : College of Wooster, 1973.
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