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Jarrito
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- Título / Denominación : Jarrito
- Lugar de hallazgo : Jordania, Tabaqat Fahl
- Fecha / Periodo : siglo VIII
- Material y técnica : Vidrio coloreado; soplado
- Dimensiones : Alto: 10 cm; diámetro (cuerpo): 14,5 cm; diámetro (abertura): 5,5 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Irbid
- Lugar de conservación : Museo Dar al-Saraya
- Número de Inventario : Ir 2131
Desde la Antigüedad, Oriente Próximo es célebre por la fabricación de objetos de vidrio. Al parecer, fueron los fenicios quienes descubrieron la técnica del soplado en el siglo I de nuestra era, lo que propulsó la expansión de la producción con este material. Se conservan numerosos objetos de ese periodo y de la época romana. Desde los inicios del islam, se multiplican las formas (botellas, jarrones, vasos, platos, etc.) y las técnicas (decoración con remates o lunares añadidos, incisiones, grabados o millefiori; decoración moldurada; vidrio lustrado; vidrio jaspeado; vidrio cameo). En varios yacimientos del siglo IX, tanto de Oriente Próximo como de las regiones orientales del mundo islámico, se han hallado ejemplos de estas diversas técnicas.
El método más sencillo, utilizado en el caso de este jarrito de vidrio azulado, es el del soplado en el aire. Los artesanos venecianos aprendieron este método de los sirios. Esta técnica se utiliza aún actualmente en Siria (Damasco, Alepo), en Egipto y, aunque menos frecuentemente, en Jordania, tanto en los talleres tradicionales como en las fábricas modernas; es también el método empleado en Biot, centro vidriero del sur de Francia.
A este jarrito, de cuerpo redondo, cuello corto cilíndrico y boca ancha, se ha añadido un asa que se une al labio superior y al hombro del objeto. Se desconoce la función concreta de este jarrito, pero quizá se tratase de un perfumador, de los que se exportaban infinidad de ejemplares a través de toda la cuenca mediterránea. Numerosos museos (como el del Louvre, Damasco, El Cairo, o museos estadounidenses dedicados al vidrio, como el de Toledo o el Museo de Vidrio Corning de Nueva York) conservan objetos de este tipo. Pero el vidrio no se reservaba exclusivamente para la fabricación de recipientes. Coloreado en masa y doblado con una lámina de oro (vidrio sandwich), entraba en la composición de mosaicos (Cúpula de la Roca de Jerusalén, 691; Gran Mezquita de Damasco, 705-715; y, posteriormente, mausoleo de Muhammad ibn Qala’un de El Cairo, 1285). Se empleaba asimismo en las celosías de las mezquitas y los palacios de todos los países islámicos.
Hattstein, M., Delius, P. (directores), Islam Art and Architecture, Colonia: Könemann, 2004.
McNicoll, A., et al., Pella in Jordan 1: an interim report on the joint University of Sydney and the College of Wooster excavations at Pella 1979-1981, Canberra: Australian National Gallery, 1982.
Parkes, P. A., Current Scientific Techniques in Archaeology, Londres: Croom Helm LTD, 1986.
Smith , R. H., et al., Pella of the Decapolis, vol. 1, Wooster: College of Wooster, 1973.
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