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Fatimid dinar
- Title/name : Fatimid dinar
- Production place : Tyr, Lebanon
- Discovery place : Tyr, Lebanon
- Date / period : 1121-1122
- Materials and techniques : Gold
- Dimensions : Diameter, 2.25 cm; thickness, 0.64 cm; weight, 3.73 g
- Conservation town : Beirut
- Conservation place : National Museum
- Inventory number : 26076
- Inscription :
Arabic
In Kufic script
Obverse:
Centre: الإمام المنصور
Circle 1:
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ضرب هذا الدينار بصور سنة عشر وخمس وخمسماي (خمسمائة)
Circle 2: أبو علي الآمر بأحكام الله أمير المؤمنين
Reverse:
Centre: عال/غاية
Circle 1: محمد رسول الله; Quran IX:33
Circle 2: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله علي ولي الله
- Translation :
Obverse:
Centre: Imam Al-Mansur
Circle 1: In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful, this dinar was struck at Tyr in the year 515
Circle 2: Abu ‘Ali al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, Prince of the Faithful
Reverse:
Centre: High standard
Circle 1: Sura IX, 33
Circle 2: There is no god save Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet, and ‘Ali is His saint
The arrangement of inscriptions in concentric circles around a central point was adopted by the Fatimid on their coins after their conquest of Egypt (969). This dinar represents the last transformation of Fatimid coinage during the reign of Caliph Al-Amir (r. 1101-1130). On the obverse, at the centre, are the titles of the caliph: Imam Al-Mansur. In the first circle are the date and location of the striking of the coin, in the second circle, the continuation of the name of the caliph and his title "Prince of the Faithful". On the reverse, at the centre, are written the two words "high standard", a mark of quality, an expression that started to be used at the time of Caliph Al-Musta’li (r. 1094-1101), and which is found on all coinage issued in Egypt and Syria. In the first circle, there is a quote from the Quran (IX, 33), and in the second the Shi'ite profession of faith.
Tyr was, after Tripoli, one of the two minting workshops in the region of Lebanon. Both cities passed under the control of the Fatimid shortly after their arrival in Egypt in 969. Thanks to the reputation of their standard, this is the type of gold coins that the Crusaders and the Ayyubid imitated in their coinage. The coins from Tyr and especially those of Caliph Al-Amir, gave their name to the imitations by the Crusaders, "Tyr dinar", which started to be circulated from the mid-twelfth century, and this for slightly more than one century. The very first gold issues of the reign of Saladin still used the Quran verse that appeared on the Fatimid coins, any reference to Shia Islam having been removed from it, and the name of the Abbasid caliph inserted. It was only from 1225, under the reign of the third Ayyubid sultan, Al-Kamil, that Kufic was replaced by naskhi in the inscriptions on coins.
Bates, M. L., Metclaf, D. M., "Crusader coinage with Arabic inscriptions", in Hazard, H. W., Zacour, N. P. (dirs), A History of the Crusades, vol. 6 The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, Madison, 1989, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 421-482.
Kazan, W. (ed.), The coinage of Islam, collection of William Kazan, Beirut, 1983, Bank of Beirut S.A.L..
L’Orient de Saladin, l’art des Ayyoubides, exh. cat., Paris, 2001, Arab World Institute, Gallimard, p. 33-40.
Trésors fatimides du Caire, exh. cat. Paris, 1998, Arab World Institute, Arab World Institute, SDZ, p. 198.
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