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Smyrne carpet
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- Title/name : Smyrne carpet
- Production place : Western Anatolia, Turkey
- Date / period : Eighteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Wool, Turkish knot
- Dimensions : 182 x 146 cm
- Conservation town : Beirut
- Conservation place : Robert Moawwad Private Museum
- Inventory number : RMPM No. 461
The carpet has three borders: two floral strips framing a band decorated with rosaces on a red background. On the pistachio-coloured field, large intertwined palmettes are linked together by a botanical flourish. This is an example of what is called a "Smyrne carpet", with stylised palmettes, rosettes and lanceolated leaves on its borders. Three similar carpets of almost the same size and borders are at the Dr. Amir Paksad's Hannover Oriental Carpet Museum. Another example, although only a fragment of a carpet, belongs to the Bardini collection, and yet another is included in the Ballard collection.
The techniques for knotting carpets were introduced in Anatolia probably as early as the twelfth century by semi-nomad populations such as the Turkmen. It was from the arrival of the Ottoman that Turkish carpets became renowned in Europe, where they were preferred over Persian carpets, deemed too busy. In the sixteenth century, the Ottoman carpet reached its apogee and became a product for export to the Occident and China. The main weaving centres were Istanbul, Brousse, Pergamon and Ushak. Pergamon produced carpets with geometric ornamentation, sometimes painted by Holbein, and Ushak made some of the much-touted carpets depicted by Lorenzo Lotto.
This type of carpet falls in line with the ones made in Ushak[1]. It would have been made either in one of the factories of the Smyrne (Izmir) region, or at Ushak itself, as Smyrne was at that time only the export centre. A port city on the Aegean Sea, it had in fact become, in the eighteenth century, one of the largest trade centres of Asia Minor, as noted by several European travellers. Made quickly, the Smyrne carpets are of lesser quality than products previously made in Ushak. To better adjust to European tastes, the decorations were enlarged. These carpets were made under the control of the Dutch, for export. They met with competition in the eighteenth century by European imitations, made in France (Aubusson factories) and England, but they continued to be made in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Called Turkish carpets, they were very much in vogue and continued to be exported to the Occident.
Exposition de tapis d’Orient, Musée Nicholas Sursock, Beyrouth, mai 1963, n° 5
The Future of the Past, Catalogue of the Robert Moawwad Private Museum. Beyrouth, s. d.
Iten-Maritz, J., Le tapis turc, Anatolie, Asie Mineure, Paris, 1976, Éditions Vilo.
Von Gladiss, A., Islamische Teppiche und Textilien, Hanovre, 1987, s. n.
Ydema, O., Carpets and Their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings 1540-1700, Suffolk, 1991, Antique Collector’s Club.
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