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Tapiz de Smyrne
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- Título / Denominación : Tapiz de Smyrne
- Lugar de producción : Oeste de Anatolia, Turquía
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo XVIII
- Material y técnica : Lana, nudo turco
- Dimensiones : 182 x 146 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Beirut
- Lugar de conservación : Robert Moawwad Private Museum
- Número de Inventario : RMPM n° 461
El tapiz está rodeado de tres bordados: dos bandas
floridas enmarcan una banda decorada de rosetones sobre fondo rojo. En el campo
de color pistacho, anchas palmetas pegadas están unidas entre ellas por un
follaje vegetal. Se trata de un ejemplo de la producción llamada «de Smyrne»,
con palmetas estilizadas, rosetas y hojas lanceoladas en sus bordes. Tres
tapices similares, con casi las mismas dimensiones y el mismo borde, se
encuentran en el museo del tapiz Amir Pakzad en Hannover. Otro ejemplo, aunque
fragmentario, pertenece a la colección Bardini, mientras que otro está en la
colección Ballard.
Las técnicas de anudamiento de los tapices son
introducidas en Anatolia probablemente a partir del siglo XII por
las poblaciones semi-nómadas como los turcomanos. Fue a partir de la llegada al
poder de los otomanos cuando los tapices de Turquía empezaron a ser reputados
en Europa, donde se prefieren a los tapices persas, que se consideran demasiado
cargados. En el siglo XVI, el tapiz otomano alcanza su apogeo y se convierte en
un producto de exportación hacia Occidente y China. Los principales centros de
tejido son Estambul, Brousse, Pérgamo y Ushak. Pérgamo produce tapices con
decoración geométrica, a veces pintados por Holbein, y Ushak fabrica algunos de
los famosos tapices representados por Lorenzo Lotto.
Nota
[1]Tapiz de Ushak, siglo XVII,
París, museo Jacquemart André, 1006.
Bibliografía del objeto
Exposition de tapis d’Orient, Musée Nicholas Sursock, Beirut, mai 1963, n° 5
The Future of the Past,
Catalogue of the Robert Moawwad Private Museum. Beirut, s. d.
Bibliografía de referencia
Iten-Maritz, J., Le tapis turc, Anatolie, Asie Mineure, París, Éditions Vilo, 1976.
Von Gladiss, A., Islamische Teppiche und
Textilien, Hanovre, s. n., 1987.
Ydema, O., Carpets
and Their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings 1540-1700, Suffolk, Antique Collector’s Club,
1991.
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