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Bilingual dinar
- Title/name : Bilingual dinar
- Author : Umayyad governor
- Production place : al-Andalus
- Date / period : 98 AH / 716–17 AD
- Materials and techniques : Gold
- Dimensions : Weight. 4.29 g; Diam. 1.5 cm
- Conservation town : Torrecampo
- Conservation place : Museo PRASA
- Inventory number : 05810
- Inscription :
Obverse:
In the centre: Eight-pointed star.
On the edge: FERITOSSOLIINSPANANXCI (FERITOS SOLIdus IN SPANia Anno XCI). (“Solidus struck in Spain in the year 91”).
Reverse:
In the centre: سول الله محمد ر
(“Muhammad is the messenger of God”).
On the edge: ضرب هذا الدينر بالأندلس سنة ثمان وتسعين
(“This dinar was struck in al-Andalus in the year 98”).
This dinar was produced in the early centuries of the history of al-Andalus; it constitutes some of earliest first written evidence of the Arab presence in the Iberian Peninsula. On the observe, it is decorated with a star encircled by a legend in Latin characters; on the reverse, it bears an Arabic inscription.
This dinar bears witness to the interruption of earlier numismatic tradition: the coin is modelled on the Byzantine solidi of Carthage. During their early expansion, the Arabs adopted the models of Byzantine and Persian coins. In al-Andalus, in the years following the conquest, it was the Byzantine type that was adopted. This influence may also be seen in the star motif on the obverse
Opinions are divided as to the signification of this star. According to Antonio Delgado and Alberto Canto, it might represent Hesperus, the evening star, which since classical times has been associated with western regions, particularly Hispania. This theory is plausible if the Arabs entered the Iberian Peninsula after having passed through, via Syria and Carthage, Byzantine provinces in which the Hellenistic tradition was firmly rooted. Moreover, two places of striking are mentioned on this coin: “Spania” appears on the obverse and, for the first time in history, the place name “al-Andalus” on the reverse.
Balaguer, A. Mª, Las emisiones transicionales árabe-musulmanas de Hispania, Barcelona, 1976, Editeur.
Delgado, A., Estudios de Numismática Arábigo-Hispana considerada como comprobante de la dominación islámica en la península, Madrid, 2001, Real Academia de la Historia.
Vives y Escudero, A., Monedas de las Dinastías Arábigo-Españolas, Madrid, 1893.
Al-Andalus. Las artes islámicas en España, cat. exp., Madrid, 1992, Ediciones El Viso, p. 386.
El esplendor de los Omeyas cordobeses, cat. exp., Cordoue, Grenade, 2001, Fundación El Legado Andalusí, p. 106.
Moneda andalusí en la Alhambra, cat. exp. Grenade, 1997, Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, Archivos y Publicaciones Scriptorium, p. 21-25.
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