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The Hermitage of Cuatrovitas
- Name : The Hermitage of Cuatrovitas
- Place : Bollulos de la Mitacion, Séville
- Construction date/period : End of the 12th century
- Construction materials : Stone, brick, plaster, wood.
This mosque, which has been transformed into a hermitage, is situated in the aljarafe, one of the wealthiest districts of the Seville region, approximately five kilometres from Bollulos de la Mitacion. The prayer room is made up of three naves, perpendicular to the qibla wall and is covered by a wooden roof, which has been restored. There are a series of arcades, which are made up of five horseshoe arches placed in deep rectangular recesses (alfiz) flanked by square pillars.
To the north of the hermitage there is a quadrangular minaret made of brick. Each face of the tower is decorated with small, blind, gemelled, horseshoe or poly-foiled arches. The interior of the tower houses a covered spiral staircase with a barrelled roof. The edifice underwent several changes when it was converted into a Christian hermitage. The mihrab was removed and a portico added as well as two lateral crosses. During excavations, a small patio was discovered as well as traces of the original entrance to the prayer room.
This edifice is of particular interest as it is a rare surviving example of an almost complete Spanish-Muslim mosque. The hermitage, which has been documented under several names Cuatrobitas, Cuatrovitas, Cuatrovitan or Cuatrohabitan, was probably a rural mosque built to serve local villages or was perhaps situated where two important roads crossed. It is a simplified version of the great mosques of the Almohad period in al-Andalus. Its layout with three naves perpendicular to the qibla wall situates it within the Spanish-Muslim tradition although it may be possible that the mosque is somewhat older and that the minaret was added in the years following the construction of the Giralda in Seville.
The minaret is a smaller, simplified version of the Almohad towers, which lend it its harmonious aspect. It may well be related to the towers of the church of San Pedro de Sanlucar la Grande and the Hacienda de Lerena (Huevar, a province of Seville).
Calvo Capilla, S., Estudios sobre Arquitectura Religiosa en el al-Andalus : las
Pequeñas Mezquitas en su Contexto Histórico y Cultural. Madrid : éd. de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (tesis en microficha), 2001, p. 198-207.
Torres Balbás, L., « Dos obras de arquitectura almohade: la mezquita de
Cuatrohabitan y el castillo de Alcalá de Guadaira », in Al-Andalus, VI, 1941, p. 204-216.
Valor Piechotta, M., « Aún más sobre Cuatrovitan: análisis de sus fuentes documentales y prospección arqueológica », in Estudios de Historia y Arqueología Medieval, II, 1983.
Itinerario Cultural de Almorávides y Almohades. Magreb y Península Ibérica. Granada: Fundación El Legado Andalusí, 1999, p. 215-216.
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