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Qantara - Estela funeraria hafsí
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Qantara Qantara

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Estela funeraria hafsí

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diaporama

Estela funeraria hafsí

  • Título / Denominación : Estela funeraria hafsí
  • Lugar de producción : Túnez
  • Lugar de hallazgo : Desconocido
  • Fecha / Periodo : 765 H. / 1363 J.C  
  • Material y técnica : Mármol blanco, escritura en relieve
  • Dimensiones : Alt.: 50 cm, anch.: 33 cm, gr.: 3,5 cm
  • Ciudad de conservación : Túnez
  • Lugar de conservación : Museo de Sidi Qasim al-Jalizi
  • Inscripción :

    Inscripción en escritura nasji: “En nombre de Dios el Bienhechor, el Misericordioso. La bendición de Dios sea sobre nuestro señor Mahoma y sobre su familia. Di: Es una noticia enorme de la cual os apartáis (Corán XXXVIII, 67-68). Este es el sepulcro de la que está necesitada de la misericordia de Dios, quien implora su gracia, ‘Awn, hija del cheikh, el peregrino, el difunto, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad, hijo del cheikh, el peregrino, Abu-l-Rabi ‘Sulayman al-Makni al-Banzarti. Falleció la noche del 25 del mes de safar del año 765 / la noche del sábado 2 de diciembre de 1363.

Esta estela discoidal de mármol blanco enmarcada por un arco de herradura rematado por una punta descansa sobre un zócalo rectangular. Se adorna con un texto de 7 líneas delimitadas por un listel que cubren toda la superficie. La densa grafía cursiva tallada en relieve se reparte sobre uno o dos niveles. Se caracteriza por ligaduras suaves, terminaciones biseladas de los caracteres, apéndices semicirculares o de trazo suelto, así como por la presencia de puntos diacríticos y de signos ortográficos.

La forma de esta estela aparece por primera vez en época hafsí y no tiene paralelos en las estelas funerarias posthilalíes. Este tipo aparece ya en las estelas del Oriente Próximo islámico, sobre todo en Egipto, y lo encontramos poco tiempo después en el Occidente musulmán, en especial en Sicilia.

Las estelas hafsíes presentan muchas similitudes con las técnicas de ejecución, la forma y el estilo de escritura de las inscripciones de las mezquitas y estelas funerarias de Marruecos, Al-Andalus[1] y Argelia[2]. En Tlemcén, en época de los Banú Zayyan (1236-1512), aunque las estelas son de forma cuadrangular[3], la inscripción está enmarcada por un arco de herradura que se asimila a la forma de las estelas discoidales que aparecerán más adelante. Este tipo de estela siguió en boga en las provincias turcas magrebíes en la época otomana y hasta nuestra época.

Nota

[1] Placa conmemorativa de la construcción de un hospital por el sultán nazarí de Granada Mohamed V, mármol tallado, 1365, Granada, conservada en un pabellón de la Alhambra, La Mezquita, inv. SN.

[2] Estela de piedra, escritura cúfica en hueco, 1216, inv. SN.

[3] Estela de mármol tallado en relieve, 1463, Museo de Tlemcén, inv. 073/E.

Bibliografía del objeto

El Aoudi Adouni, R., Stèles funéraires tunisoises de l’époque hafside (628-975 / 1230-1574), Túnez, INP, 1997, t. 1, n° Q 221, p. 222, pl. 54.

Bibliografía de referencia

Levi-Provençal, E., Inscriptions arabes d’Espagne, Paris : Librairie coloniale et orientaliste E. LAROSE, 1931, p. 164- 165, n° 176, pl. XLI.

Mazouz, A., Derias, L., Corpus des inscriptions archéologiques arabes en Algérie, t. I et II, (en arabe), Alger, Imprimerie Sumer, 2000-2001, t. 1, p. 95 sq., t. II, p. 52.




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