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Fragment of a board with epigraphic decoration
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- Title/name : Fragment of a board with epigraphic decoration
- Production place : Kairouan, Tunisia
- Discovery place : Great Mosque of Kairouan.
- Date / period : AH 413–414/AD 1022–1023
- Materials and techniques : Cedar, carved and painted decoration
- Dimensions : L. 119 cm; W. 15 cm.
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Museum of the islamic arts of Raqqada
- Inventory number : BS 101
- Inscription :
Inscription in Kufic script: Al 'Imran Sura (Qur. III, 173).
This fragment of a board from the ceiling of the sanctuary was removed from the Great Mosque of Kairouan in the 1960s and preserved in the warehouse of the Institut National du Patrimoine until 1999, when it was transferred to Raqqada to be exhibited in the second wing of the museum, then being fitted out.
The writing in scalloped, ornamented Kufic script is particularly well executed. The ascending stems of the letters are bevelled; some end in two-lobed fleurons. The stem of the letter ra folds in on itself, creating a knot. The ligature between the two lams in the name of Allah loops upward into a three-lobed fleuron in the form of a recticurvilinear arch. The stems of the letters waw and mim form curves that terminate in fleurons. Swan-neck letters such as the kaf are typical of the epigraphy of the time and are found in Egypt as well.
The deeply hollowed out field is brown, while the skilfully executed Kufic letters are black with a gilded outline, enhancing the Qur’anic inscription.
The characters of the inscription and the decorative motifs used enable the beam to be dated to the late tenth or early eleventh century. This is corroborated by the presence of other similar beams and boards with inscriptions mentioning that the renovation of part of the roof was carried out on the orders of the Zirid Prince al-Mu’izz Ibn Badis and supervised by his minister al-Qāsim Ibn Muhamad Ibn ābi ‘al-Arab, who occupied this position in 1022–1023.
Despite the rarity of painted wooden boards from the same period preserved in Islamic monuments in the Mediterranean region, this piece, by virtue of its technique, presents a similarity with certain other boards executed in Syria, such as the carved and painted wooden board from the excavation of Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi (724–727), currently in the museum of Damascus[1], and the board from the Abbasid palace at Raqqa (833–842), also preserved in Damascus[2]. Although the latter dates from the Abbasid era and predates the Zirid board by almost two centuries, its painted floral decoration is very similar to that of the ceilings of the Great Mosque of Kairouan. Eleventh-century Fatimid Egyptian boards and beams also include carved vegetal motifs reminiscent of the fleurons on the Kairouan board among the subjects used in their decoration.[3] The tenth-century painted beams and corbels preserved in situ in the Umayyad mosque in Cordoba barely differ from other Medieval Islamic prototypes.
[1] (inv. A.16582) cf Les andalousies p.27, n°3
[2] Inv. 16064, cf Les andalousies p.28, n°6
[3] Rectangular wooden panel, Egypt, tenth century, carved wood. Cairo, Museum of Islamic Art, inv. 3470.
30 ans au service du patrimoine, (exh. cat., Tunis, 1986), Tunis, 1986, INAA, p. 262.
Tunisie : du christianisme à l’islam. IVème- XIVème siècle, (exh. cat., Lattes, musée archéologique, 2001), Lattes, 2001, Landes et Ben Hassen, p.191-192, n° 106.
Syrie, Mémoire et civilisation, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1993), Paris, 1993, Institut du monde arabe, Flammarion, p. 418, n° 309.
Discover islamic art (version arabe), Vienne, 2007, Édisud, p. 65, 111.
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