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Corán
- Título / Denominación : Corán
- Lugar de producción : Egipto
- Fecha / Periodo : 769 H./1368
- Material y técnica : Tintas y oro sobre papel
- Dimensiones : 51 x 71 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : El Cairo
- Lugar de conservación : Biblioteca Nacional
- Número de Inventario : Ms. 6
Esta doble página del Corán presenta el texto dentro de un marco dorado delimitado por una fina línea azul. Comprende suras breves llamadas makkiyya que corresponden a las suras reveladas al Profeta en La Meca. Al contrario, las suras largas llamadas madaniyya son las reveladas en Medina.
En la página de la derecha, las tres primeras líneas del texto constituyen el final de la sura al-zalzala («El terremoto»[1], sura 99, versículos 2 a 8). Esta sura está separada de la siguiente por un cartucho dorado, enmarcado por una línea azul, que contiene el título de la sura al-adayat («Los corceles», sura 100, versículos 1 a 11) caligrafiada en estilo tuluth con tinta blanca sobre fondo azul. Los versículos están escritos en estilo muhaqqaq con tinta negra (puntos diacríticos y vocales de igual color). En los manuscritos más antiguos, estos sistemas de lectura eran de un color diferente, por lo general en rojo. La caligrafía muhaqqaq, fina y fluida, era muy apreciada por los copistas de los Coranes mamelucos del siglo xiii al xv. Su empleo se extendió por Iraq e Irán, donde era frecuente en los volúmenes verticales de gran formato como el ejemplar que presentamos aquí. Como en este caso, era habitual que el estilo tuluth se combinase con el muhaqqaq en los ejemplares egipcios.
Aquí, los versículos de las suras siguientes al-qaria («La calamidad», sura 101, versículos 1 a 11) y al-takathur («El afán de lucro», sura 102, versículos 1 a 8), así como los de las anteriores, están separados por pequeños rosetones dorados. Varios medallones decorativos o que señalan los grupos de versículos adornan los márgenes. El iluminador se esmeró en proporcionar a cada elemento un ornamento particular. Algunos terminan en punta o están decorados con un arabesco, todo ello con profusión de oro y detalles azules que confieren al conjunto del texto y de la decoración de este manuscrito un buen equilibrio.
[1] Los títulos de las suras están extraídos de la traducción castellana publicada por la editorial Herder (Barcelona) y consultable parcialmente en books.google.es.
Catálogo de exposición
Guesdon M. –G., et Vernay-Nouri A. (dir.), L’art du livre arabe, du manuscrit au livre d’artiste, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2001
Splendeur et majesté, Corans de la Bibliothèque nationale, Paris, Institut du monde arabe, Bibliothèque nationale, 1987
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