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Incense globe or hand warmer
- Title/name : Incense globe or hand warmer
- Production place : Syria or Egypt
- Date / period : First half of the fifteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Copper alloy, engraved and pierced decoration inlaid with gold and silver
- Conservation town : Paris
- Conservation place : Musée de l'Institut du Monde Arabe
- Inventory number : AI 86-13
Made up of two half spheres that fit together, this perfume burner was originally fitted with a universal joint that kept horizontal – whatever its position – the dish where the charcoal, incense or aromatic substances to be burned were placed. On the outside, the pierced decoration is arranged in registers. It consists mainly of a pseudo-Arabic script made up of Kufic knots and plaited ascenders between which are roundels decorated with foliage.
It seems that the concept of the spherical perfume burner comes from China. Somewhat smaller examples in silver, dating from the Tang dynasty, which also featured chains for hanging have been found. Similar globes, hung from the ceilings of buildings, are also depicted in a few Persian miniatures. However, the first dated Muslim examples come from Syria in the thirteenth century (reign of the Ayyubids). In the fourteenth century, these metallic globes made in Mamluk Syria and Egypt travelled to the Christian West and met with great success. They were used as perfume burners and as hand warmers. They were placed in churches on the altar stones. In the homes of the rich, they were rolled along the table cover, between the guests.
There is a curiously high number of these incense globes in European collections. This is most probably due to the great popularity enjoyed in the West by Islamic metals with inlaid decoration. In the early Renaissance, this fashion peaked in Italy. It was even supposed that Eastern copperware manufacturers and retailers set up shop in Venice. This hypothesis is no longer supported today. On the other hand, it is undeniable that the Venetians made every effort to reproduce Eastern metals. For their part, the craftsmen of the Near East sought to satisfy European demand by including in their compositions openwork arabesques and fine foliage similar to those on Italian coats of arms.
Atil, E., Islamic Metalwork in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, 1988, p. 171-175, n°23.
Metalli Islamici dalle Collezioni Granducali, Florence, 1981, p. 7-12, n°1, 2.
L'islam dans le Collections Nationales, Paris, 1977, p. 218-219, n°492.
The Anatolian civilisations III Seljuk/Ottoman, Istanbul, 1983, p. 75, n°D 139.
The Art of Islam, Londres, 1976, p. 187, n°210
The Unity of Islamic Art, Riyadh, 1985, p. 108-109, n°87.
Trésor de l'Islam, Geneva, 1985, p. 280, n°290.
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