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Globo de incienso o calentador
- Título / Denominación : Globo de incienso o calentador
- Lugar de producción : Siria o Egipto
- Fecha / Periodo : Primera mitad del siglo XV
- Material y técnica : Aleación de cobre, decoración, grabada, agujereadas, con incrustaciones de oro y plata
- Dimensiones : Diám.: 13,6 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : París
- Lugar de conservación : Museo del Instituto del Mundo Árabe
- Número de Inventario : AI 86-13
Este quemador de incienso consta de dos semi-esferas que encajan una en otra, y originalmente contaba con un cardán que mantenía en posición horizontal - independientemente de la posición del objeto - el recipiente donde se ponía el carbón, el incienso, o las sustancias aromáticas destinadas a la combustión. En su exterior, el motivo decorativo perforado está distribuido por registros. Es esencialmente una pseudo-escritura árabe, compuesta de nodos cúficos y trazos trenzados entre los cuales se intercalan medallones rellenos de hojas.
Al parecer, el concepto del quemador de incienso esférico procede de China. Se han encontrado ejemplares de plata algo más pequeños que datan de la época Tang, y que incluyen las cadenas de suspensión. Globos de apariencia similar, colgados de los techos de los edificios, también figuran en algunas miniaturas persas. Sin embargo, los primeros ejemplares musulmanes datados (reino ayubida) en el siglo XIII proceden de Siria. Durante el siglo XIV, estos globos metálicos fabricados en Siria y Egipto en la época mameluca llegaron al Occidente cristiano y tuvieron un gran éxito. Se utilizaban como quemadores de incienso perfumado y como calentadores para las manos. Se colocaban en las iglesias, en la piedra de los altares. En las casas de los pudientes, se hacían rodar sobre el mantel entre los comensales.
El número de estos globos de incienso en las colecciones europeas es sorprendentemente alto. Esto se debe probablemente a la popularidad de que gozaban en Occidente los metales islámicos con incrustaciones. Al inicio del Renacimiento, esta moda culminó en Italia. Se suponía incluso que en Venecia se habían establecido latoneros orientales. Esta hipótesis ya no se mantiene hoy en día, pero es innegable que los venecianos se afanaron en reproducir las piezas de metal oriental. Por su parte, los artesanos de Oriente Próximo trataron de satisfacer la demanda europea incluyendo en sus composiciones arabescos calados y pequeños follajes muy similares a los que aparecen en la heráldica italiana.
Atil, E., Islamic Metalwork in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, 1988, p. 171-175, n°23.
Metalli Islamici dalle Collezioni Granducali, Florence, 1981, p. 7-12, n°1, 2.
L'islam dans le Collections Nationales, Paris, 1977, p. 218-219, n°492.
The Anatolian civilisations III Seljuk/Ottoman, Istanbul, 1983, p. 75, n°D 139.
The Art of Islam, Londres, 1976, p. 187, n°210
The Unity of Islamic Art, Riyadh, 1985, p. 108-109, n°87.
Trésor de l'Islam, Genève, 1985, p. 280, n°290.
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