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Église paroissiale de Fiñana
- Nom : Église paroissiale de Fiñana
- Lieu : Almería, Espagne
- Date/période de construction : Milieu du XIIIe siècle
- Matériaux de construction : maçonnerie, brique
- Destinataire/mandataire : probablement le sultan Muhammad I
- Restauration :
En 1983 elle fut déclarée Monument historique et artistique, trois ans plus tard la mosquée fut restaurée.
Cette mosquée transformée en église comprenait trois nefs perpendiculaires au mur de la qibla, séparées par des arcs outrepassées brisées placés dans un encadrement rectangulaire et reposant sur des piliers chanfreinés à base carrée. Il subsiste des vestiges de la décoration du mihrâb.
Jusqu’à récemment on la considérait comme une œuvre entièrement nasride, mais C. Barceló, se fondant sur les inscriptions du mihrâb, la date de la première moitié du XIIIe siècle. D’autres auteurs comme A. Fernández-Puertas hésitent entre la fin de la période almohade et le début de l’époque nasride sous Muhammad I.
Si la mosquée date de la première période nasride, elle est contemporaine de monuments de Grenade comme la grande mosquée de l’Albaicín, le minaret de San Juan, l’ermitage de San Sebastián de Grenade ou celui de Ronda (Málaga).
En 1502, la mosquée fut transformée en ermitage dédié à saint Jacques et le mihrâb devint une chapelle. Toutefois une grande partie de la décoration de la façade est toujours conservée, avec des panneaux décoratifs organisés selon un schéma rectangulaire, héritage de l’architecture nasride.
BIBLIOGRAPHIE DU MONUMENT
Barceló Torres, C. , Gil Albarracín, A., La Mezquita Almohade de Fiñana (Almería), Almería-Barcelone : G.B.C., 1994.
Fernandez-Puerta, A., « El Arte, el reino nazarí de Granada (1232-1492). Sociedad, vida y cultura », in Historia de España Menéndez Pidal., v. VIII-IV, Madrid : Espasa-Calpe, 2000, p. 207.
Pérez Higuera, Mª T., « El Arte. El retroceso territorial de al-Andalus. Almorávides y
Almohades », in Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, v. VIII-II, Madrid : Espasa-Calpe, 1997, p. 688-689.
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