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كنيسة رعية في فنيانا
- الاسم : كنيسة رعية في فنيانا
- المكان : إسبانيا، المرية، فنيانا
- تاريخ/حقبة الإنشاء :
أواسط القرن الثالث عشر
- مستلزمات الإنشاء : بناء، آجر
- المرسل إليه / الوكيل : احتمالا السلطان محمد الأول
- تسجيل :
- ترميم :
صُنفت الكنيسة في عام 1983 ضمن المعالم الأثرية والفنية، وبعد ثلاث سنوات رُمم هذا المسجد
يتألف هذا المسجد الذي تحول إلى كنيسة على ثلاث بلاطات متعامدة مع جدار القبلة، وتفصلها عقود متجاوزة ومنكسرة أُدرجت داخل إطار مستطيل يرتكز على أعمدة ذات حواف مشدوفة وقاعدات مربعة. ولم يزل هناك بقايا من زخرفة المحراب.
كان المبنى يعتبر بأكمله، ولغاية فترة قريبة، كأثر نصري، ولكن س. بارسيلو أرخه، معتمدا على النقش الكتابي في المحراب، بالنصف الأول من القرن الثالث عشر. وهناك باحثون آخرون مثل أ. فرنانديز – بويرتاس يترددون ما بين نهاية عصر الموحدين وبداية العصر النصري تحت حكم محمد الأول.
إذا اعتبرنا أن المسجد يعود إلى أوائل العصر النصري، فهو بهذه الحالة معاصر للمعالم الغرناطية مثل المسجد الكبير في حي البائسين ومئذنة سان خوان وصومعة سان سبستيان في غرناطة أو صومعة روندا (مالقة).
تحول المسجد في عام 1502 إلى صومعة كُرست للقديس جاك، وتحول المحراب إلى مصلى الكنيسة. ولكن جزء كبير من زخرفة الواجهة لم يزل محفوطا‘ وهي ألواح تزيينية نُظمت بحسب تخطيط مستطيل، إرث من الفن المعماري النصري.
فهرس النصب
Barceló Torres, C. , Gil Albarracín, A., La Mezquita Almohade de Fiñana (Almería), Almería-Barcelone : G.B.C., 1994
Fernandez-Puerta, A., « El Arte, el reino nazarí de Granada (1232-1492). Sociedad, vida y cultura », in Historia de España Menéndez Pidal., v. VIII-IV, Madrid : Espasa-Calpe, 2000, p. 20
Pérez Higuera, Mª T., « El Arte. El retroceso territorial de al-Andalus. Almorávides y
Almohades », in Historia de España Menéndez Pidal, v. VIII-II, Madrid : Espasa-Calpe, 1997, p. 688-689
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