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“Lady of Sabra” dish
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- Title/name : “Lady of Sabra” dish
- Production place : Kairouan or Sabra al-Mansuriyya, Tunisia
- Discovery place : Excavations of Sabra al-Mansuriyya (Kairouan)
- Date / period : Tenth century
- Materials and techniques : clay ceramics; painted decoration on slip under transparent glaze
- Dimensions : H. 11 cm; Diam. 31 cm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Museum of the Islamic arts of Raqqada
- Inventory number : C 108
This representation of a human being heralds a change in the figurative art of Ifriquya that became manifest from the Fatimid era onwards. The female face is distinguished by an oversized eye in profile, which can already be seen on several tenth-century potsherds found at Madinat al-Zarah and used again, but in less exaggerated form, in the art of the Fatimo-Zirids.
Anthropomorphic decorations with female faces are more frequently found in the Muslim East than in the Muslim West. Examples can already be seen during the Umayyad era on hammam frescoes in the Syrian desert. At Qusayr Amra, for example, there are dancers and women bathing. During the Abbasid period, such illustrations underwent the influence of Sasanian Iran, and even of Central Asia. A mural painting from the Jawsaq palace in Samarra (Iraq) dating from the ninth century shows two women dancers with their hair in long plaits wearing long tunics. Later, Fatimid Egypt has several fine lustre ware bowls with very beautiful representations of fine-featured women, such as the eleventh-century dish with the sitting woman playing the lute in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo[1].
The Syrian Ayyubids produced bowls with faces of a more Asian type[2]. These similarities lead us to believe that the representations of females of Sabra al-Mansuriyya are part of an iconographic tradition throughout the Islamic world of the Middle Ages.
The cartouches containing the term al-mulk, frequently found on Ifriqiyan bowls, may also be found on the Umayyad ceramics of Spain[3].
It should be noted that the Sabra excavations brought to light two similar dishes. Their differences are minor, which leads us to conclude that they were produced locally and most certainly exported to several regions of the Western Mediterranean.
[1] Dish with lute player, Egypt, eleventh century, decorated lustre ceramic ware. Cairo, Museum of Islamic Arts, inv. 14923.
[2] Bowl, clay ceramic with glazed, painted decoration. Syria, twelfth-thirteenth centuries, Damascus, National Museum, inv. 4510.
[3] Jar with painted decoration, Spain, Madinat al-Zahra, tenth century, Archaeological Museum of Madinat al-Zahra, inv. MA/VM/392. Atéfor, Spain, tenth century, ceramic with glazed painted decoration, Madrid, Archaeological Museum, inv. 63043.
Daoulatli, A., « La production vert et brun en Tunisie du IXe au XIIeLe vert et le brun, de Kairouan à Avignon, céramiques du Xe au XVe siècle, (exh. cat., Marseille, Chapelle de la Vieille Charité, 1995), Marseille, Paris, 1995, Musées de Marseille RMN, p. 68- 89, 84-85, n° 39.
siècle : Etude historique et stylistique », in
Louhichi, A., « Aux origines du décor figuratif dans la céramique médiévale de l’Ifriqiya. », in Africa, t. XVIII, Tunis, 2000, INP, p. 119-139, 133, fig. 16.
Les Andalousies, de Damas à Cordoue, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 2000), Paris, 2000, IMA, Hazan, p. 192.
Ettinghausen, R., La peinture arabe, Genève, 1962, Skira.
Trésors fâtimides du Caire, (exb. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1998), Paris, 1998, SDZ.
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