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Jar with feline
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- Title/name : Jar with feline
- Production place : Qallaline, Tunis,Tunisia
- Discovery place : Qallaline, Tunis
- Date / period : Nineteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Clay ceramic, painted decoration over opacified glaze
- Dimensions : H. 53 cm; D. opening: 26 cm
- Conservation town : Tunis
- Conservation place : National Museum of Bardo
- Inventory number : s.n.
This two-handled jar has an ovoid body on a flat base, a cylindrical neck and a turned-out lip. The jar has green, brown and yellow decorations on a white surface. Around the middle of the neck runs a strip of loosely drawn motifs vaguely reminiscent of topsy-turvy writing. On the shoulder a frieze of alternating green and yellow petals is superimposed on a frieze of brown chevrons. The body is decorated with a yellow feline with a spotted coat facing left. A fairly thick, jagged mane extends along its back. A palm leaf filled with green and yellow flakes is drawn on the same field. This jar is the work of the Qallaline workshops, which were well known in the Ottoman era for their production of tiles and their wide range of containers, both open and closed. They introduced a new style that differs from Hafsid era ceramics in the use of a richer range of colours and freer decorative themes, dominated by flora and geometry. Animal motifs are represented by felines, birds or fish, and seem to be limited to the later pieces. As a rule, tiles and containers are decorated with one or more felines with a piercing look on their faces, their bodies in profile, as is the case for this jar[1].
The profile of this container, called a charbiya, is similar to that of the qolla except that the neck is longer and the body less potbellied. It was used for storing water. Very much in vogue in Ifriqiya and throughout the Maghreb, charbiyas were modelled on ancient jars that had already existed in Raqqada during the Aghlabid era[2], in the Maghreb, and in Spain[3] They are .somewhat reminiscent of the small Roman amphorae made of sigillated clay. The green, brown and yellow hues are the same colours used on Aghlabid ceramic ware. The geometric and vegetal decoration may evoke contemporaneous Moroccan and Algerian ceramic ware, but the caricatured style of the feline is very typical of ceramic ware made in Tunis’s Qallaline workshops and differs from the style of felines depicted on dishes from the kingdom of Aragon and Catalonia[4].
[1] See the jar in the museum of Sidi Kacem al-Jalizi, nineteenth c., inv. SN.
[2] Jar with pseudo-epigraphic decoration, Tunisia, excavations at Raqqada, tenth c., clay ceramic with glazed decoration over engobe, Kairouan, Islamic Art Museum, inv. SN.
[3] Jars held in the museum of Paterna. See Garcia, M., 2001, p. 138-141, 416-424.
[4] Dish, sixteenth c., Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, inv. E500-59,
Louhichi, A., De Raqqada à Qallaline (900-1900). L’art de vivre en Tunisie, à travers la céramique, (exh. cat., Nabeul, 2000), Nabeul, 2000, Néapolis Céram, p. 70.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris, 1994, IMA, Adam Biro, p. 228-229.
Tunez, Tierra de culturas, (exh. cat., Barcelone, 2003), Valence, 2003, IEMed, p. 274, n° 278.
Garcia, M., Las Ollerias de Paterna, t. I, siglos XII Y XIII, Valence, 2001, Ajuntament de Paterna, p. 138-141, 416-424.
Rammah, M., Le Musée des Arts Islamiques de Raqqada (Kairouan), Tunis, 2008, AMVPPC, p. 9.
Couleurs de Tunisie, 25 siècles de céramique, (exh. cat., Paris, Institut du monde arabe, 1994), Paris, 1994, IMA, Adam Biro, p. 66-67.
Le calife, le prince et le potier, les faïences à reflets métalliques, (exh. cat., Lyon, musée des Beaux-arts, 2002), Lyon, Paris, 2002, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, RMN, Seuil, p. 142.
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