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Ottoman-style binding
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- Title/name : Ottoman-style binding
- Production place : Tunis, Tunisia
- Discovery place : Kairouan, Tunisia
- Date / period : Mid-thirteenth century AH / mid-eighteenth century AD
- Materials and techniques : Dyed leather; embossed decoration, gilt
- Dimensions : L : 29 cm - W :20 cm
- Conservation town : Kairouan
- Conservation place : Musée des arts islamiques de Raqqada; Kairouan
- Inventory number : BS 60
This binding with flaps features red and gilt decoration obtained by pressing in a matrix. This technique uses the principle of stamping with irons, used throughout the Islamic world from the early centuries of Islam. But the fact that the entire surface of the binding was decorated in a single operation constitutes a technical innovation that did not appear until the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Iran and Turkey.
The central medallion contains a mirrored decoration: bifid fleurons containing florets. Two pendants with similar decoration are attached to the medallion. The rectangular borders are decorated with geometric interlace while the four concave corners, demarcated by a curved border, are filled with arched bands and floral motifs. The areas in which the design of the corners is interrupted form a design reminiscent of the Bursa arch, a characteristic of Ottoman architecture from before the conquest of Constantinople. The areas without ornamentation contrast with the stamped parts.
This binding attests to the influence of the Ottoman school on the bookbinders of Tunis. The style of the sixteenth-century bookbinder Mehmet Celebi[1] confirms this. This is backed up by historical sources that inform us that Bey Ali Pasha invited Turkish bookbinders to work in Tunisia. There, they propagated the art and techniques of Ottoman bindings, characterised by a clear predilection for the multifoil mandorla motif and a preference for gilt and bright red leather[2] whose floral decoration was executed using irons and stamps. This type of composition, also frequently used in the book arts of the Near East (in Syria and especially in Egypt[3]) and Iran[4], was also common in other sectors of the Ottoman arts, particularly in the carpets[5] and ceramic decorations[6] of the sixteenth century.
[1] He probably produced the binding for a Qur’an in the library of Topkapi Sarayi, inv. EH 222.
[2] Binding in stamped and gilt leather, Turkey, mid-sixteenth century, al-Sabah collection, Kuwait, inv. LNS 17L.
[3] Twenty-first volume of a handwritten Qur’an in thirty volumes, Egypt, c. 1388–99, stamped, embossed and gilt leather, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, Ms Arabe 5845.
[4] Binding for a collection of Hadith, Iran, first half of the sixteenth century, embossed and gilt leather, Musée du Louvre, Paris, inv. V45.
[5] Court carpet, Cairo, Egypt, late sixteenth century, wool, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, inv. 5127.
[6] Cladding panel, Iznik, Turkey, 1577, from the tomb of Selim II in Istanbul, siliceous ceramic with painted decoration on siliceous slip and under leaded glaze, Musée du Louvre, Paris, inv. 3919/2-265.
Rammah M., Le Musée des Arts Islamiques de Raqqada (Kairouan), Tunis, 2008, p. 24.
Raby, J. et Tanindi, Z., Turkish Bookbindings in the Fifteenth Century, Londres, 1993, p. 11 sq.
Der Prachtkoran, in Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin, 1999, p. 93.
Art islamique et Mécénat, Trésors d'art du Koweit, IMA, Paris, 1992, p. 234-235.
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