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Kiln in the Islamic tradition, Serres
- Title/name : Kiln in the Islamic tradition, Serres
- Discovery place : Serres, Greece
- Date / period : Mid-thirteenth century
- Materials and techniques : Clay
- Dimensions : D. of non-sinuous rods: approx. 3.5 cm
The pottery bears witness to the recurrent contact between Byzantium and Islam in the Middle Ages within a vast trading network. The objects might be Islamic artefacts imported and updated at Byzantine sites or pieces of Byzantine crockery whose design principles are closely linked to the traditions of the Islamic world.
It is rarer to find the traces of a kiln in the Islamic tradition on Byzantine territory. This is, however, the case in Serres, a town in northern Greece, where excavations have brought to light certain elements that attest to the presence of a kiln with separator rods, characteristic of the Islamic world and dating from the mid-thirteenth century. The existence of a pottery workshop in Serres, and more precisely here, of a kiln with separator rods, is confirmed by the discovery of objects used to stack up ceramics in the kiln and in the firing process. They are clay rods approximately 3.5 cm in diameter, fixed in rows of holes and covering all of the kiln’s walls. The aim of this device was to make up a set of shelves upon which the pottery was placed during the firing. Vases with more closed shapes would also be hung there. Clay elements, sinuous in form, but with a diameter smaller than that of the rods mentioned previously, were also found on the Serres site. They were probably used to hang smaller objects in the kiln – or might have been placed between the glazed vases to prevent the vitreous surfaces from sticking to each other. These elements have been found on other Byzantine sites, such as that of Corinth, as well as on sites in Iran and Uzbekistan. Similar clay rods have been found in several sites in Asia during the excavations of Islamic ceramic kilns, notably in Takht-i Suleyman and Nishapur in Iran and Afrasiyab in Uzbekistan.
Although this kiln uses traditional Islamic design, the ceramics of Serres are Byzantine products. After the Byzantine reconquest of Latin territories in the second half of the thirteenth century by Michael VIII Palaeologus (1259–1282), Serres became a prosperous town. It acquired greater importance by regaining its position as capital of the theme of Serres and Strymon, and producing its own pottery, which may in fact be dated to the second half of the thirteenth century. The pottery is decorated with sgraffito and glazed with yellow-brown and green highlights[1].
[1] It should be noted, however, that this sgraffito technique was also found in the Near East and north-western Iran during the same period.
Papanikola-Bakirtzis, D., E. Dauterman Maguire, and H. Maguire, Ceramic Art from Byzantine Serres, Urbana, 1992, University of Illinois Press.
Naumann, R. “Brennöffen für Glasurkeramik” Istanbuler Mitteilungen 21, 1971, 173–90.
Les fours de potier médiévaux à Marseille. http://www.cnrs.fr/Cnrspresse/Archeo2000/html/archeo07.htm (accessed on 22 July 2008).
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