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Lamp
- Title/name : Lamp
- Production place : Jordan, Jarash
- Date / period : Seventh – eighth century
- Materials and techniques : Moulded clay
- Dimensions : L. 9,4 cm ; W. 7,3 cm ; D. (filling hole) : 1,8 cm
- Conservation town : Jarash
- Conservation place : Archaeological Museum
- Inventory number : G 311
This almond-shaped lamp is made in two moulds. The handle is raised and curved towards the interior; the base is plain and almond-shaped. The filling hole is encircled with a frame, which continues around the nozzle, and a channel runs between the both. On each side the decoration consists of a partridge standing in front of a flower, vine branches and a large pomegranate.
Lamps provide a cultural indicator of the age in which they were produced. The Umayyad lamps were influenced by earlier samples from the Roman and Byzantine periods, however with special characteristics. They are almond-shaped or oblong, with a flat base partly decorated. The filling-hole is exactly in the center. Both sides are fully decorated with floral elements, such as rosettes, vine-branches, pomegranates and palmettes. Animal elements include birds and fishes. Geometric designs include parallel and curved lines, winding lines (symbolizing snakes?), dots, circles, pearl-beaded designs and zigzags. One lamp is decorated on its base with a chalice with water gushing out from the opening and fishes carved on the body. Such a motif was common in mosaics of the Byzantine period. These vases have two handles and were probably metal in origin.
The Jarash lamps represent a homogeneous group, which is partly characterized by the presence of Kufic inscriptions, mentioning blessings, potter's name and date.
It is not surprising that a relatively large quantity of Umayyad lamps have been discovered in Jarash. During the Umayyad period the city was one of the main administrative centers in Jordan. In addition to the Dar Al-Imarah, still not discovered, there was markets in Jarash, and a fine example of a congregational mosque. The latter, probably built by Caliph Hishâm ibn ‘Abd al-Malik, is located in the center and has a central doorway, which was near from the main north – south street (the cardo). The doorway with its semi-circular staircase is similar in style to those of the mosques of Ibn Tulun (ninth c.) and of al-Hâkim (end of the tenth - early eleventh c.) in Cairo. A large Umayyad house, which goes back to the Roman and continues in the Abbasid period, was also discovered. It is one of the best preserved Umayyad houses discovered in Jordan to date. Jerash was also prominent as a center of pottery industry, where its products were exported to other cities. The Umayyad administrative centers in Jordan and Palestine experienced unusual constructing activities.
Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina. Köln, 1987, Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, n° 360 - 362, p. 354 - 355.
La voie royale : 9000 ans d’art au Royaume de Jordanie, (exh. cat., Paris, Musée du Luxembourg 1986 –1987), Paris, 1986, Association française d’action artistique, n° 360 – 362, p. 272 - 273.
“Da’nah, Sulaiman, Mosaics Excavations, the Rest House – Jerash 1968”, in The Annual of the Department of Antiquities, 14, 1969, p. 58 – 60. (text in Arabic)
Scholl, T., “The Lamps” and “The Chronology of Jerash Lamps: A Preliminary Report”, in Jerash Archaeological Project 1981 – 1983, Amman, 1986, Department of Antiquities, p. 118 – 119, 163 – 166.
Walmsley, A., “Excavations of Islamic Jarash, 2002-2005”, in Athar, 7, 2004-2005, p. 1-14.
The Umayyads: The Rise of Islamic Art. Jordan. International Museum with no Frontiers Exhibition Cycles: Islamic Art in the Mediterranean, Amman, Vienna, Ministry of Tourism, Department of Antiquities, Museum with No Frontiers.
Discover Islamic Art: Museum with No Frontiers Permanent Collection, [online], <http://www.discoverislamicart.org>, [accessed 15/4/2008].
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