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Pebetero
- Título / Denominación : Pebetero
- Lugar de hallazgo : Jordania, al-Fudayn
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglo VIII
- Material y técnica : Bronce colado; decoración perforada
- Dimensiones : Alto: 10,3 cm; diámetro: 10,3 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Ammán
- Lugar de conservación : Museo Arqueológico de Jordania
- Número de Inventario : J 15710
Este pebetero presenta una prolongación hueca, posiblemente destinada a insertar en ella un largo mango de madera, que no se ha encontrado. El pebetero dispone de tres patas, al igual que otro recipiente hallado en Mafraq (J 15711). En el borde del receptáculo en el que se ponían el incienso o el carbón, que sobrepasa en altura la prolongación, hay cuatro pequeños salientes, que quizá mantenían una tapa. En el interior de la bisagra, una varilla sirve de enganche sobre el que debían de girar las anillas de la tapa.
La parte perforada traza una sucesión de animales, posiblemente cabras monteses, sobre fondo de motivo floral. Las seis cabras adoptan diferentes posturas, y algunas de ellas echan la cabeza hacia atrás, una posición corriente en las escenas de caza de los mosaicos bizantinos.
Este objeto puede compararse con otro pebetero hallado en Ammán, conservado en su totalidad. Éste (J 1633), con marcado carácter arquitectónico, posee una tapa con forma de cúpula, sobre un tambor con arcadas; la cúpula está rematada con un pomo. El extremo del mango tiene forma de cabeza de león, y tanto el cuerpo como la tapa presentan un labrado de diseño floral sobre fondo punteado. El mango, el cuerpo y la tapa se fabricaron por separado.
Desde los primeros siglos de la civilización islámica, la forma de este pebetero se repite de España hasta el este de Irán. También fue utilizada en el Egipto copto. Las patas con forma de pezuña se encuentran asimismo en Irán y en Oriente Medio hasta el siglo XIV. Aunque la decoración perforada solía realizarse en la tapa, en ocasiones, en los siglos IX y X, se daba igualmente en el cuerpo del pebetero (en especial, en Asia central y en el Irán oriental).
Humbert, J.-B., “El-Fedein / Mafraq”, en Contribution Française à l’Archéologie en Jordanie, Ammñán: Institut Français d’Archéologie du Proche-Orient, 1989, p. 125-131.
Lankester Harding, G., “Excavations on the Citadel, Amman”, en The Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 1, 1951, p. 7-16.
Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina, Colonia: Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, 1987, n° 354, p. 349.
La voie royale : 9000 ans d’art au Royaume de Jordanie, (cat. exp., París, Museo del Luxemburgo 1986 –1987), París: Association française d’action artistique, 1986, n° 354, p. 269
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