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Pyxis
- Title/name : Pyxis
- Production place : Al-Fudayn, Jordan
- Date / period : Seventh-eighth century
- Materials and techniques : Ivory, carved, engraved, stamped, pointed
- Dimensions : H. 8,8 cm ; D. 9 cm
- Conservation town : Amman
- Conservation place : Jordan Archaeological Museum
- Inventory number : J 15708
The Al-Fudayn small box was found among the collection of special objects found in the Umayyad palace. It is recessed under the edge and above the bottom. Most probably originally it had a lid, not preserved. It is carved in the upper and lower parts with two bands containing concentric circles with dots. In the middle is a series of large arches, the lines of each are composed of circles with dots in the upper part and concentric circles with dots in the lower part. There are traces of black pigment on the upper band and red on the lower. The surface of the base has lines around the center. The arch motif, already used in the Antiquity, is common on umayyad and early abbasid productions. It can be seen on the steatite lamp found in Mafraq (M074), the marble parapet of the wall in Qasr al-Hallabat, the bronze ewer “of Marwân” found at Abusir al-Malik in Egypt.
The concentric circles with dots as decorative element appeared on a steatite bowl from Humayma, where circles were contained within perpendicular and horizontal bands. The element as single or concentric circle goes back to an old tradition, which appeared on steatite vessels in eastern Arabia already at the end of the second millennium and during the first millennium B. C. It has been very frequently used during the two first centuries of Islamic civilization, on different mediums: metalwork, wood, ceramic.
Beside ivory, small jars were made in the Umayyad period in steatite, as examples from Ayla with geometric designs demonstrate.
Small jars were used since millennia for containing cosmetics such as powder or creams. However one may think that small steatite jars may have been used for serving special sorts of food.
Al-Khraysheh, F., Nashef, K., Dubai: Civilization and Progress throughout three Thousands Years. Five Seasons of Joint Archaeological Excavations between the Emirate of Dubai and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at Sarouq Al-Hadeed, Dubai, 2007, Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing, Government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Philip, G., “Art and Technology”, in Treasures from Ancient Land, the Art of Jordan, United Kingdom, 1991, National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside, p. 62 – 85.
Whitcomb, D., Ayla: Art and Industry in the Islamic Port of Aqaba, Chicago, 1994, The Oriental Institute.
Discover Islamic Art: Museum with No Frontiers Permanent Collection, [online], <http://www.discoverislamicart.org>, [accessed 15/04/2008].
Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina. Köln, 1987, Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, n° 356 p. 351.
La voie royale : 9000 ans d’art au Royaume de Jordanie, (exh. cat., Paris, Musée du Luxembourg 1986–1987), Paris, 1986, Association française d’action artistique, n° 356, p. 270.
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