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Bote de marfil
- Título / Denominación : Bote de marfil
- Lugar de producción : Jordania, al-Fudayn
- Fecha / Periodo : Siglos VII-VIII
- Material y técnica : Marfil tallado, estampado y grabado
- Dimensiones : Alto: 8,8 cm; diámetro: 9 cm
- Ciudad de conservación : Ammán
- Lugar de conservación : Museo Arqueológico de Jordania
- Número de Inventario : J 15708
Este pequeño bote, que se descubrió entre un grupo de objetos excepcionales en el palacio omeya de al-Fudayn, presenta un refuerzo bajo su borde superior y otro por encima de su base. Seguramente, contaba con una tapa que, desgraciadamente, no se conserva. La franja central está acotada por dos bandas, una superior y otra inferior, decoradas con círculos concéntricos. El espacio entre las bandas está adornado con grandes arcos semicirculares, cuyas líneas están formadas por una sucesión de ocelos en la parte alta y de círculos concéntricos en la parte baja. En la parte alta, quedan restos de pigmento negro, y en la baja, de pigmento rojo. La superficie del fondo presenta anillos concéntricos. El motivo del arco, ya utilizado en la Antigüedad, es frecuente en los objetos omeyas y en los primeros bienes abasíes. Y así, puede observarse en una lámpara de esteatita hallada en Mafraq (M 074), en un parapeto de mármol de un muro de Qasr al-Hallabat, y en el aguamanil de bronce de Marwán II, aparecido en Abusir al-Malik, en Egipto.
Los ocelos son elementos decorativos registrados, entre otros, en un cuenco de esteatita de al‑Humayma, donde se integran en bandas horizontales y verticales. Estos motivos tienen una larga tradición, y se dan ya en vajilla de esteatita de Arabia oriental datada a finales del segundo milenio y en el primer milenio a. C. En los dos primeros siglos de la civilización islámica, se emplearon con frecuencia en diversos soportes de metal, madera o cerámica.
Además del marfil, los omeyas recurrieron a la esteatita para la fabricación de pequeños botes de esta clase, como atestiguan los ejemplares hallados en Ayla, con dibujos geométricos.
Durante milenios, este tipo de botes se usó para guardar cosméticos, en polvo o en crema. Se cree que pueden haberse utilizado también para servir cierto tipo de alimentos.
Al-Khraysheh, F., Nashef, K., Dubai: Civilization and Progress throughout three Thousands Years. Five Seasons of Joint Archaeological Excavations between the Emirate of Dubai and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at Sarouq Al-Hadeed, Dubai: Tourism and Commerce Department, Dubai Government, United Arab Emirates, 2007.
Philip, G., “Art and Technology”, en Bienkowsi, P. (ed.), Treasures from Ancient Land.
Whitcomb, D., Ayla: Art and Industry in the Islamic Port of Aqaba, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1994.
The Art of Jordan, Reino Unido: National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside, 1991, p. 62 – 85.
Discover Islamic Art: Museum with No Frontiers Permanent Collection, [en línea], <http://www.discoverislamicart.org>, [consultado el 15 de abril de 2008].
Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina. Colonia: Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum, 1987, n° 356 p. 351.
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